USES OF GASES

INDUSTRIAL
GASESAREGASEOUSMATERIALS THAT
AREMANUFACTUREDFOR USE
ININDUSTRY. THE PRINCIPAL GASES
PROVIDED
ARENITROGEN,OXYGEN,CARBON
DIOXIDE,ARGON,HYDROGEN,HELIUM
ANDACETYLENE; ALTHOUGH A HUGE
VARIETY OF GASES AND MIXTURES ARE
AVAILABLE IN GAS CYLINDERS.
 THE PRODUCTS ARE ALL GASES UNDER
NORMAL CONDITIONS, BUT ARE NOT
NECESSARILY STORED OR TRANSPORTED
AS SUCH. THE DIFFERENT GASES ARE
USED IN A WIDE VARIETY OF INDUSTRIES,
BUT MOST NOTABLY IN THE METAL,
POLYMER AND FOOD INDUSTRIES. USES OF
THE INDIVIDUAL GASES ARE DISCUSSED:
 NATURAL GAS HAS A MULTITUDE OF INDUSTRIAL
USES, INCLUDING PROVIDING THE BASE
INGREDIENTS FOR VARIED PRODUCTS AS
PLASTIC, FERTILISER, ANTI-FREEZE, AND
FABRICS. IN FACT, INDUSTRY IS THE LARGEST
CONSUMER OF NATURAL GAS, ACCOUNTING FOR
43 PERCENT OF NATURAL GAS USE ACROSS ALL
SECTORS. NATURAL GAS IS THE SECOND MOST
USED ENERGY SOURCE IN INDUSTRY.
 NATURAL GAS IS ALSO USED FOR WASTE
TREATMENT AND INCINERATION, METALS
PREHEATING (PARTICULARLY FOR IRON AND
STEEL), DRYING AND DEHUMIDIFICATION, GLASS
MELTING, FOOD PROCESSING, AND FUELING
INDUSTRIAL BOILERS. NATURAL GAS MAY ALSO BE
USED AS A FEEDSTOCK FOR THE MANUFACTURING
OF A NUMBER OF CHEMICALS AND PRODUCTS.
GASES SUCH AS BUTANE, ETHANE, AND PROPANE
MAY BE EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL GAS TO BE
USED AS A FEEDSTOCK FOR SUCH PRODUCTS AS
 NATURAL GAS AS A FEEDSTOCK IS COMMONLY FOUND AS A BUILDING
BLOCK FOR METHANOL, WHICH IN TURN HAS MANY INDUSTRIAL
APPLICATIONS. NATURAL GAS IS CONVERTED TO WHAT IS KNOWN AS
SYNTHESIS GAS, WHICH IS A MIXTURE OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON
OXIDES FORMED THROUGH A PROCESS KNOWN AS STEAM
REFORMING. IN THIS PROCESS, NATURAL GAS IS EXPOSED TO A
CATALYST THAT CAUSES OXIDIZATION OF THE NATURAL GAS WHEN
BROUGHT INTO CONTACT WITH STEAM. THIS SYNTHESIS GAS, ONCE
FORMED, MAY BE USED TO PRODUCE METHANOL , WHICH IN TURN IS
USED TO PRODUCE SUCH SUBSTANCES AS FORMALDEHYDE, ACETIC
ACID, AND MTBE THAT IS USED AS AN ADDITIVE FOR CLEANER
BURNING GASOLINE. METHANOL MAY ALSO BE USED AS A FUEL
SOURCE IN FUEL CELLS.
The use of other common gases in
Industry..

ACETYLENE : IS MAINLY USED IN OXY-

ACETYLENE FLAMES FOR CUTTING MILD
STEEL AND FOR WELDING.
 HYDROGEN: A SMALL PROPORTION OF THE HYDROGEN IS
USED TO REACT WITH TRACES OF OXYGEN IN OTHER GAS
STREAMS. THE TWO GASES REACT FORMING WATER,
WHICH CAN BE EASILY CONDENSED OUT OF A GAS
MIXTURE. THE MAJORITY OF THE HYDROGEN IS SOLD TO
THE EDIBLE FATS AND OILS INDUSTRY WHERE IT IS USED
TO HYDROGENATE VEGETABLE OILS TO MAKE MARGARINE .
 CARBON DIOXIDE: IS USED WIDELY IN THE
FOOD INDUSTRY FOR APPLICATIONS SUCH
AS REMOVING THE CAFFEINE FROM
COFFEE BEANS TO MAKE DECAFINATED
COFFEE AND FOR CARBONATING BEER,
SOFT DRINKS ETC. IT IS ALSO USED FOR
COOLING IN THE FOOD AND
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.
 NITROGEN: HAS TWO MAIN USES: COOLING AND AS AN
INERT ATMOSPHERE. AS LIQUID NITROGEN IT IS USED FOR
COOLING IN MANY INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND IN THE
FOOD INDUSTRY AS GASEOUS NITROGEN IT IS USED TO
FORM AN INERT BLANKET OVER SUBSTANCES THAT
WOULD OTHERWISE BE OXIDISED BY THE AIR. NITROGEN
IS USED FOR COOLING VARIOUS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
THAT NEEDS TO BE KEPT EXTREMELY COLD AND FOR
SNAP-FREEZING FOODS SUCH AS CHICKEN, HAMBURGER
PATTIES AND FRUIT TO BE EATEN OUT OF SEASON. INERT
BLANKETS OF NITROGEN ARE USED OVER REACTIVE
LIQUIDS IN TANKERS, IN VARNISH MANUFACTURE AND
 OXYGEN : THE MAJORITY OF THE OXYGEN
PRODUCED IS USED BY THE GLENBROOK
STEEL MILL TO OXIDISE UNWANTED
IMPURITIES IN THE STEEL. THE REMAINDER
IS IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY, FOR MEDICAL
OXYGEN FOR RESPIRATION AND IN OXY-
ACETYLENE TORCHES.
 ARGON: IS HIGHLY UNREACTIVE AND SO, LIKE
NITROGEN, CAN BE USED AS A PROTECTIVE
BLANKET TO PREVENT SUBSTANCES FROM
OXIDISING. ARGON IS MAINLY USED TO PROTECT
VERY HOT METAL, AS THIS IS HIGHLY REACTIVE.
MOST OF IT IS USED IN WELDING TO PROTECT THE
MOLTEN METAL, AND A SMALL AMOUNT IS USED IN
LIGHT BULBS TO PREVENT THE WHITE-HOT
TUNGSTEN FILAMENT FROM OXIDISING.
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