Cell

Organisation
 Unicellular organisms are organisms which
consist of single cell.

Although simple, they are able to perform all

vital functions and living processes within a cell.

They can feed, respire, excrete and move.

They are sensitive to external and internal

conditions, and are able to reproduce and
grow.
Amoeba sp.
 Habitat
Live in freshwater lakes, are
also abundant in damp soil
Living processes
Feeding
Locomotion
Amoeba sp.
Respiration
Excretion

General characteristics Respond to

stimuli
Enclosed by a plasma membrane.
Reproduction
Changes its shape constantly as it
meets obstacles and responds to
stimuli.
 Feeding Locomotion

Respiration
Living
processes of
amoeba sp. Excretion

Responses to
Reproduction stimuli
 Cell
Specialisation in
multicellular
organisms
Cell The smallest unit of life capable of carrying out all
the functions of living things

A group of cells of the same type that

Tissue perform a specific function in organism

Organ Several types of tissue that carry out a

particular function

System Several organs working together to

perform a function

All the systems make up a

Organism multicellular organism.
Cell organisation in the
formation of tissues,
organs and systems in
animals
Some of the humans cells and their functions

Cell Function
Able to contract and relax and are
Muscle cell
involved in movement
White blood Involves in defence of the body against
cell diseases

Red blood cell Transports oxygen

Nerve cell Receives and sends out nerve impulses

Sperm Fertilises the ovum
There are 4 major types of tissues in animals:

Epithelial tissues
Muscle tissues
Connective tissues
Nerve tissues
 Epithelial Tissue

Form a skin surface and protect the

tissue beneath it.
Form a lining layer for tubes or lines the
cavities of the body.
Protect against infection, mechanical
injuries and dehydration.
Undergo changes to form glands.
 Muscle Tissue
Most abundant tissue in the body

Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle

Contraction and Voluntary Contract to

relaxation for movements pump blood to
involuntary body all parts of the
Contract and
activities body.
relax to move
(peristalsis
the bone Involuntary
along digestive
movements
tract)
Connective tissue

Hold the body together.

For example, bone,

cartilage, blood,
tendons, ligament.
 Nerve Tissue
Transmits and coordinates messages
around the body.
systems organs tissues cells
Systems Breaks down
complex food into
simple
substances for
easy absorption
by body cells

Absorbs and transports

Discards toxic Produces off oxygen and discards
waste products spring carbon dioxide
 Transports food Provides bodily
substances, support and
oxygen, hormones protection to solf
and others to the internal organs
entire body
Produces
hormones that
control the bodily
activities
Defends the body
against disease
 Helps in movement
Skin surface to
of the body.
protects the tissue
beneath it.
Coordinates and
controls all bodily
activities related to
impulses and reactions
Cell organisation in
plants
 Some of the plants cells and their functions

Cell Function
Parenchyma
For support and storage
cell
Xylem Transports water and mineral salts
Sieve tube Transports organic product of
element photosynthesis
Companion Regulates the metabolic activity of sieve
cell tube element
For protection and covering of other cells
Epidermal cell
beneath
 Tissues of plants

Meristemic permanent
tissue tissue
Small cell, thin walls, large
nuklei, dense cytoplasm, no
vacuole.
Young, actively dividing

Epidermal Ground Vascular

tissues tissues tissues
Form a layer to cover, Provides support Transports
protect entire surface of and strengthens water, food and
plant and reduces water the plants support
loss
 Bears flowers,
fruits, buds and
leaves

Anchors the plant,

absorbs water and
mineral, stores food.