ELECTRICAL SAFETY

HAZARDS & CONTROLS

HAZARDS OF ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICAL FIRE
EXPLOSION
ELECTRICAL SHOCK
FLASH OVER
RADIATION
INDIRECT EFFECTS
 WE RECEIVE
AN ELECTRIC SHOCK,
WHEN
OUR BODY BECOMES A
PART OF ELECTRIC
CIRCUIT
 SEVERITY OF THE SHOCK

THE SEVERITY OF THE SHOCK

DEPENDS ON:
THE MAGNITUDE OF THE CURRENT
DURATION OF THE CURRENT
PATH OF THE CURRENT FLOW
PHYSICAL CONDITION OF THE PERSON
 EFFECT OF CURRENT ON
HUMAN BODY
0 TO 5 MILLI AMPS -> PERCEPTUAL FEELING

5 TO 10 MILLI AMPS -> MUSCLE CONTRACTION

10 TO 15 MILLI AMPS -> MORE PAINFUL FEELING

15 TO 20 MILLI AMPS -> RESPIRATORY FAILURE

20 TO 30 MILLIAMPS -> VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

 SAFETY HINTS
ELECTRICITY IS ONE OF THE GREATEST
INVENTIONS
WHICH HAS DRAMATICALY CHANGED OUR
LIFE STYLE.
IT IS OUR BEST FRIEND AND ALWAYS AT OUR
COMMAND.

BUT AT THE SAME TIME IT HAS TO BE

HANDLED CAREFULLY.
 IT CAN BE MOST HAZARDOUS TO LIFE OR MAY
RESULT IN INJURIES OR LOSS OF PROPERTY
OR DAMAGE OR BOTH.

IT IS THEREFORE VERY NECESSARY TO TAKE

ALL PRECAUTIONS IN PROPER USE OF
EQUIPMENT.
 YOU ARE THEREFORE,
REQUESTED TO OBSERVE
THE FOLLOWING SIMPLE
INSTRUCTIONS:
 PROCEDURE FOR ELECTRICAL SAFETY DURING
MAINTENANCE WORK

Equipment with proper specifications

Treat all circuit as energised, unless otherwise designated
Work permit system.
Confirm the dead circuits with neon lamp before making

any physical contacts.

Do not use any damaged tools. Get them tested regularly.
Inspect all portable electrical equipment regularly for
insulation test etc. Use 3 pin plug with ground wire provision.
Let authorised / licensed persons work on electricity.
Protect portable tools with MCB / ELCB.
 PROCEDURE FOR ELECTRICAL SAFETY DURING
MAINTENANCE WORK

Use of SOP - de-energise and safeguard the circuits.

Adequately as per SOP
Avoid cables with joints, especially in damp & wet areas.
Use low voltage circuits (24V) while working in trenches,
tunnels etc.
Use proper PPE - rubber gloves, safety shoes, rubber mats
and safety belts if working in heights. Ensure their healthiness.
Clearly understand and follow the written / verbal instruction,
when in doubt, always ask. Do not ASSUME. Clarify, Verify and
Act.
Shield / Cover all live terminals at the place of work.
cont.
 PROCEDURE FOR ELECTRICAL SAFETY DURING
MAINTENANCE WORK

When the phase conductor is connected without the neutral

path, the system becomes extremely dangerous, as the circuit
may be completed by variety of possible paths, one which could
be YOU, the craftsman himself.
Hence the Order must be:
Neutral first vice-versa for disconnecting the
Phase last circuit
The person in charge of work should make the last minute
check before starting the work. He should explain his team
clearly, the nature & scope of work and clear doubts if any.
Always cordon your work area with red tape. It demarks the
zone of work conspicuously & also resists the entry.
 How HPI (High Perturbation Immunity) residual current
devices prevent the non-tripping & nuisance tripping:
P N
Core with
high
permeable
Secondary winding with high no. of turns
material,
low
remainence
Time Delay Mech
& high Filter Relay
saturation
Circuit
anism
level

Varistor Filter
Circuit to Time delay Relay with
circuit to circuit (10 high
bypass bypass
Primary winding transient ms) impedance
transient (10 times
Voltage voltage normal
relay)

General construction of HPI residual current

device
 DOS

WHILE PURCHASING , BUY ONLY STANDARD

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE/EQUIPMENT.

THE SUPPLY CORD SHOULD BE IN GOOD

CONDITION, FREE FROM CUTS OR DAMAGED
INSULATION OR ENTANGLEMENT.

ALWAYS USE 3-PIN PLUGS IN THE APPLIANCE /

EQUIPMENT AND CONNECT THEM TO 3-PIN
SOCKET ONLY.
 DOS
CHECK THAT THE PINS OF THE SOCKET OR THE
PLUG OR ANY OTHER ELECTRICAL
CONNECTIONS ARE NOT LOOSE.

PUT THE SWITCH OFF WHEN THE

APPLIANCE /EQUIPMENT IS NOT IN USE.
REMOVE THE PLUG FROM THE THE SOCKET.

GET YOUR APPLIANCE / EQUIPMENT AND

WIRING CHECKED PERIODICALLY FOR ANY
DEFECT OR ELECTRICAL LEAKAGE.
 DOS
ALWAYS CHECK THE RATED VOLTAGE ,
CURRENT AND THE OPERATING TIME OF YOUR
APPLIANCE / EQUIPMENT AND ENSURE THAT
THESE ARE NOT EXCEEDED.

PROTECT APPLIANCE / EQUIPMENT AGAINST

HUMIDITY.

ALWAYS KEEP THE ROTATING ELECTRICAL

EQUIPMENT LIKE TABLE FAN OUT OF REACH OF
CHILDREN AND PETS.
 DOS
BEFORE REPLACING A LAMP OR HANDLING A
FAN , MAKE SURE THE SUPPLY IS ALWAYS
SWITHED OFF .

ONLY A QUALIFIED PERSON / LICENSED

ELECTRICIAN SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO CARRY
OUT REPAIRS. AMATEURS HAVE NO PLACE IN
THIS FIELD.
 DOS
THE MAIN SWITCHES SHOULD BE PROVIDED AT
A PLACE EASILY ACCESSIBLE TO PUT OFF
SUPPLY IN CASE OF AN EMERGENCY.

USE ELCB ( EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT

BREAKER ) WITH MAIN SWITCH AS SHOCK
GUARD.

ALWAYS USE CORRECT SIZE AND QUALITY OF

FUSE WIRE FOR REPLACEMENT.
 DOS
WHILE REMOVING THE FUSE CARRIER , PULL
SUPPLY END FIRST. WHILE REPLACING IT, THE
SUPPLY END SHOULD BE INSERTED LAST.

EDUCATE CHILDREN ON THE HAZARDS CAUSED

BY MISHANDLING ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS ,
EQUIPMENT AND APPLIANCES.

IN CASE OF ELECTRICAL FIRE SWITCH OFF THE

POWER SUPPLY AND USE SAND , CO2 OR DCP
EXTINGUISHER. DO NOT USE WATER.
 DOS
SWITCH OFF MAINS WHEN YOU GO ON
VACATION.

TREAT ALL CIRCUITS AS LIVE UNLESS IT IS

CONFIRMED AFTER TESTING TO BE DEAD .

NEVER BE OVER CONFIDENT WHILE DEALING

WITH ELECTRICITY.
 DONTS
DO NOT INSERT WIRES DIRECTLY INTO THE
PLUG SOCKET WITHOUT A MATCHING PLUG PIN
TO USE ANY ELECTRICAL APLIANCE EVEN FOR
TEMPORARY BASIS.

DO NOT TOUCH ANY BARE WIRE (WITHOUT

INSULATION) IT MAY BE LIVE.

DO NOT MAKE ANY TEMPORARY JOINTS IN THE

WIRING , ESPECIALLY WITHOUT PROPER
INSULATION.
 DONTS
DO NOT CONNECT A FUSE IN THE NEUTRAL
CIRCUIT.

DO NOT USE ANY APPILANCES WITHOUT

PROPER EARTHING.

DO NOT OVER LOAD THE WIRES BY USING

MULTIPLE APPLIANCES FROM A SINGLE 5 AMP
PLUG SOCKETS.
 DONTS
DO NOT REPLACE FUSE, UNLESS THE FAULT IS
DETECTED AND RECTIFIED.

DO NOT PROVIDE HIGHER SIZE FUSE WIRE THAN

THE PRESCRIBED SIZE.

DO NOT USEWET HAND TO SWITCH ON AND

SWITCH OFF THE ELECTRICITY.

DO NOT PLUG IN LAMP OR APPLIANCES WITH THE

SWITH ON.
 DONTS
DO NOT TOUCH THE WATER OR THE METALLIC
CONTAINER WHEN THE IMMERSION HEATER IS
ON. DO NOT CLEAN ELECTRICAL SWITCHES,
BOARDS, ETC. WITH WET CLOTH.

DO NOT TOUCH THE T.V. ANTENNA WITHOUT

DISCONNECTING THE T.V. RECEIVER FROM THE
CIRCUIT. YOU MAY GET A SHOCK DUE TO FEED
BACK.

DO NOT JOIN FLEXIBLE CORDS BY TWISTING THE

WIRES AND TAPING THEM TOGETHER.
 DONTS
DO NOT REMOVE THE THE WIRE MESH GUARD
OF A TABLE OR PEDESTAL FAN.

DO NOT PLACE CLOTHES, PAPER,OR OTHER

COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL NEAR AN
ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE WHEN IT IS IN USE.

IT IS ADVISABLE TO CARRY OUT EXHASTIVE

SAFETY AUDIT OF THE HOUSING COMPLEX TO
IDENTIFY AND ELIMINATE HAZARDS / DEFECTS
AT AN EARLY STAGE.
 DONTS

DO NOT RUN FLEXIBLE

CORDS/WIRES UNDER MATS,
CARPETS, OR THROUGH DOORWAYS
WHERE THEY MAY GET CRUSHED.
 REMEMBER

ELECTRICITY
IS A GOOD SERVENT
BUT A BAD MASTER.
 Why Area Classification?

Hazardous Area Classification is a method

of analyzing and classifying the
environment where explosive gas
atmospheres may occur to allow the proper
selection of electrical apparatus to be
installed in that environment.
 CLASSIFICATION OF
HAZARDOUS AREAS
Zone 0 An area in which an explosion
atmosphere is present continuously or for
long periods or frequently.
Zone 1 An area in which an explosive
atmosphere is likely to occur in normal
operation occasionally
Zone 2 An area in which an explosive
atmosphere is likely to occur only under
abnormal operating condition.
 EQUIPMENT FOR
HAZARDOUS AREAS

Flameproof -Eexd
Intrinsically safe - Eexi
Increased safety - Eexe
Pressurised - Eexp
Oil Immersed - Eexo
Non sparking - Eexn
Sand filled - Eexq
 SELECTION OF ELECTRICAL
EQPT IN HAZARDOUS AREAS

How to select equipments for various zones

Selection criteria
Classified zones
Gas Grouping
Temperature classification
 SELECTION ACCORDING TO
ZONE OF RISK
- Zone - 0 : No electrical Equipment.
(Intrinsically safe)

- Zone - 1 : Ex p , Ex d , Ex o , Ex
q.

- Zone - 2 : All used in Zone 0 & Zone 1.

 SELECTION ACCORDING TO
GAS GROUP CLASSIFICATION
Compound or name of the Gas Ignition temperature
gases Group Deg C
Methane I 595
Benzene IIA 560
Butane IIA 365
Ethane IIA 515
Propane IIA 470
Ethylene IIB 425
Carbon Monoxide IIB 605

-Gas Group II A, II B are used in Oil and Gas Industry.

 SELECTION ACCORDING TO
TEMP CLASSIFICATION
Temperature Class Maximum Surface Temperature
T1 450C
T2 300C
T3 200C
T4 135C
T5 100C
T6 85C

- the max surface temperature indicated by the T class

should
not exceed the ignition temperature of the gases or vapour
involved.
 INSTALLATION OF SPECIAL
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Are Hazardous areas classified as per IS
5572?
Are the special electrical equipments selected
and installed as per IS 5571?
Are the electrical equipment maintained as per
IS 2148 and IS 13346
Review of area classification in case of
process change/plant modification.
FLP EQUIPMENT
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THANK YOU