Miscellaneous Problems in Hydraulic

Turbines

Lecture 39
Dr. Y. Mukkamala
 P1. An axial flow hydraulic turbine has a net head of
23 m across it, and, when running at a speed of 150
rpm, develops 23 MW. The blade tip and hub
diameters are 4.75 m and 2.0 m respectively. If the
hydraulic efficiency is 93% and the overall efficiency
is 85%, calculate the inlet and outlet blade angles at
the mean radius assuming axial flow at outlet.
 Soln. Data : He = 23 m, N = 150 rpm, Pshaft = 23 MW,
dt = 4.75 m, dh = 2 m, H = 93%, o = 85%, V3 = 0,
2m = ?, 3m = ?

u2
Inlet vel : 2 2
Vf2
V2 v2
 Soln. Pshaft
o 0.85 .
Q He
23 10 6
0.85 .
9810 Q 23
.
Q 119.9 m / s 3

.
Q 119.9 Vf (d t d h )
2 2

4
119.9
Vf 8.22 m/s

(4.75 2 )
2 2

4
 Soln. At mean section :
u 2 V 2
H 0.93 [V 3 0]
gH e
d t d h 4.75 2
dm 3.375 m
2 2
d m N 3.375 150
um 26.51 m/s
60 60
0.93 9.81 23
V 2m 7.92 m/s
26.51
V
tan 2m f
V 2m
8.22
2m tan 1 ( )
7.92
2m 46.08
 Soln. Similarly, Vf
tan 2 m
u 2 V 2m
8.22
tan 2m
26.51 7.92
2m 23.86

Exit vel : v3
Vf3 = V3

u3
 Soln.
Vf
tan3
u3
Vf
3 tan ( )
1

u3
Vf
3 tan ( )
1

um
8.22
3 tan ( 1
)
26.51
3 17.2
 P2. A propeller turbine running at 50 rpm has a
runner diameter of 6 m and effective area of flow as
20 m2. The angle of the runner blades at inlet and
outlet are 150 and 20 respectively with the tangent
to the wheel. Assuming constant velocity of flow
calculate
(1) discharge
(2) theoretical power developed
(3) hydraulic efficiency
 Soln. Data : N = 50 rpm, d = 6 m, Af = 20 m2, 2 =
150, Vf = const.

u2
Inlet vel : Vf2
v2
V2
 Soln.
Exit :
v3 Vf = V3
3
d N
u2 = u3 u3
60
6 50
u2 15.71 m/s
60
Vf
tan 3
u3
Vf 15.71 tan20
Vf 5.71 m/s
.
Q Vf A f 5.71 20
.
Q 114.36 m3 /s
 Soln. . .
2) Powertheor m u 2 V 2 w E
V 2 u 2 Vf cot 2 ( 2 180 150 30)
1
V 2 15.71-5.71
tan30
V 2 5.82 m/s
.
Powertheor = ( Q)u 2 V 2
Powertheor (10 114.36 15.71 5.82)
3

.
Powertheor 10.46 MW = w E
 Soln. 3) Net head at exit :
2
. V
gH e w E 3

2
2
5.71
gH e 15.71 5.82 +
2
gH e 107.73
15.71 5.82
H =
107.73
H 84.87%
 P3. A Kaplan turbine has an outer diameter of 8 m
and inner diameter of 3 m and develops 30,000
kW under a head of 12 m. The discharge through
the runner is 300 m3/s. If the hydraulic efficiency
is 95%, determine :
1) inlet and outlet blade angles
2) mechanical efficiency
3) overall efficiency
 Soln. Data : d2 = 8 m, d3 = 3 m, Pshaft = 30,000 kW, N = 80
rpm, He = 12 m, Q = 300 m3/s, H = 95%, 2 = ?, 3 = ?, mech
= ?,
o = ?
.
WE
H 0.95 .
Q He
u 2 V 2
0.95=
gH e
8 80
u2
60
u 2 33.51 m/s
0.95 9.8112
V 2 3.34 m/s
33.51
 Soln. Inlet vel :
u2
2
Vf2 2
v2
V2
.
Q Vf (d 2 d 3 )
2 2

4
300
Vf

(8 3 )
2 2

4
Vf 6.94 m/s
1 6.94
2 tan ( ) 64.31
3.34
 Soln.
Vf2
1) Similarly, tan 2
u 2 V 2
6.94
2 tan (
1
) 12.95
33.51 3.34
Pshaft Pshaft 30000 103
2) mech . . 3
W mu V 10 300 33.51 3.34
E 2 2

mech 89.35%
Pshaft 30000 103
3) o . 84.9%
Q H e 9810 300 12
 P4. An inward flow reaction turbine has external and internal diameters
of 0.9 and 0.45 m, respectively. The turbine is running at 200 rpm and
the width of the turbine at inlet is 20 cm. The velocity of flow through
the runner is constant and is equal to 1.8 m/s. The guide blades make
an angle of 10 to the tangent of the wheel and the discharge at the
outlet of the turbine is radial. Draw the inlet and outlet velocity
triangles and determine :
1) the absolute velocity of water at the inlet of runner
2) the velocity of whirl at the inlet
3) the relative velocity at the inlet
4) the runner blade angles
5) width of the runner at the outlet
6) mass of water flowing through the runner per second
7) head at the turbine inlet
8) power developed and hydraulic efficiency of the turbine
 Soln. Inlet vel (Full load condition):
u2
2
v2 Vf2
V2

Exit vel : v3
Vf3 = V3
3

u3
 d 2 N 0.9 200
Soln. u2 9.42 m/s
60 60
1
1) V 2 Vf cot 2 1.8
tan10
V 2 10.21 m/s
2) V2 Vf2 V22 1.82 10.212
V2 10.37 m/s
3) v 2 Vf2 (V 2 u 2 ) 2
v 2 1.82 (10.21 9.42) 2
v 2 1.96 m/s
4) 2 ?, 3 ?
Vf2
tan 2
V 2 u 2
Vf2
2 tan ( 1
)
V 2 u 2
2 66.3
 Soln. Vf 0.45 200
tan 3 , u3 4.71 m/s
u3 60
Vf 1.8
3 tan 1 ( ) tan 1 ( )
u3 4.71
3 20.9
5) b3 ?; ( d 2 b 2 ) = ( d 3b3 )
d 2 b2
b3 =
d3
0.9 0.2
b3 40 cm
0.45
. .
6) m = Q Vf ( d 2 b 2 )
.
m 103 1.8 ( 0.9 0.2)
.
m 1017.88 kg/s
 Soln. Head at runner inlet :
2
V
gH 2 u 2 V 2
3

2
2
1.8
gH 2 9.42 10.21 9.969 m
2
u 2 V 2 9.42 10.21
8) H
gH e 9.81 9.969
H 98.34%