CHAPTER 3

MATTER
 MATTER
Has mass
 MATTER
Occupies space
 MATTER
All living things and non-living
things are matter.
Example of matter:
Plants
Air
Rocks
Oxygen
Soil
Alcohol
Carbon dioxide
 MATTER
Example of non-matter:
Light
Heat
Electricity
Sound
THE STATES OF MATTER
3 states:
Solid
Liquid
Gas

The kinetic theory of

matter:
Matter consists of tiny particles.
The tiny particles are discrete (berasingan)
THE ARRANGEMENT OF PARTICLES
IN MATTER

SOLID LIQUID

GAS
 THE ARRANGEMENT OF PARTICLES
IN MATTER
STATE ARRANGEMENT MOVEMENT OF
(SUSUNAN) PARTICLES
(PERGERAKAN
ZARAH)
SOLID Closely packed Vibrate and rotate at
fixed position
LIQUID Loosely Move freely
packed/Further
apart
GAS Widely Move freely and faster in
separated/very far any direction
apart
 THE CONCEPT OF
DENSITY
Density: the mass per unit volume of the
substance.=
Density mass of substance
(g) z
volume of substance
(cm3)

The unit of density is:

g/cm 3 @ kg/m3
 EXAMPLE 1
The mass of 10 cm3 of mercury is 83 g. Find the
density of mercury.
Calculation:

Density = mass
z
volume
= 83 g z
10 cm3
= 8.3 g/cm3
 EXAMPLE 2
The density of air is 1.3 kg/m3. What is the
mass of 5 m3 of air?
Calculation:

Density = mass
z
volume
1.3 kg/m3 = mass
z
5 m3
Mass = 6.5 kg
 EXAMPLE 3
The density of glass is 2.5 g/cm3. What is the
volume of a glass block which weighs 10 g?
Calculation:

Density = mass
z
volume
2.5 g/cm3 = 10 g
z
volume
volume = 4 cm3
 EXAMPLE 4
A piece of glass stopper has a mass of 30 g. Its
volume is 12 cm3. Find the density of the glass
stopper.
Calculation:

Density = mass
z
volume
= 30 g z
12 cm3
= 2.5 g/cm3
 THE CONCEPT OF
DENSITY
An object or liquid will sink
in liquids that are less
dense than it.
An object or liquid will float
in liquids that are denser
than it.
The density of an object can
THE CONCEPT OF
DENSITY
 THE CONCEPT OF
DENSITY
A ship made from iron floats
on a surface of the water.
The ship has a big space filled
with air.
It causes the ship to have a
total density that is less than
the density of water.
 THE CONCEPT OF
DENSITY
Air expands when heated.
So, hot air is less dense than
cold air.
This concept is used for hot air
balloon. When heated, the air
inside the hot air balloon has
less density.
 Hot air

Cold
air
 THE USE OF PROPERTIES
OF MATTER IN EVERYDAY
LIFE
Storage of gas
Gases (a lot of spaces between
particles) can be easily compressed
until form liquids.
Large volume of gas (compressed)
form small volume of liquid
Compressed natural gas is known as
LNG (liquefied natural gas); stored in
cylinders.
THE USE OF PROPERTIES
OF MATTER IN EVERYDAY
LIFE
Transporting
timber logs
Logs are less dense
than water and can be
floated in the river to
the factories down river
for processing.
THE USE OF PROPERTIES
OF MATTER IN EVERYDAY
LIFE
Floats and buoys
A float helps us and beginning
swimmers to float in water.
The air in the float makes it less
dense than water.
The buoy that floats in the sea
carries a beacon to warn ships
and boats of danger.
THE USE OF PROPERTIES
OF MATTER IN EVERYDAY
LIFE
Submarines
A submarine sink by filling its
ballast tanks with sea water
(denser than sea water).
A submarine floats by
pumping out sea water from
its ballast tanks (less dense
than sea water).