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Oral Hygiene

Benefits of Oral Hygiene


Benefits of Oral Hygiene
Provides comfort
Stimulates the appetite
Prevents disease and
dental caries
Helps to prevent bad
breath (halitosis)
Stimulates saliva
production which
contains digestive
enzymes and promotes
digestion
Routine Oral Hygiene
Involves tooth brushing
and flossing.
Should be done at least
3 times a day.
Provide necessary
equipment such as
toothbrush, toothpaste,
dental floss,
mouthwash, emesis,
basin, cup and water.
Assist the patient as
needed.
Denture Care
Provide privacy for the
patient.
Have patient remove
dentures if able.
Place dentures in a
denture cup to carry to
sink.
Use warm water to
clean dentures.
Hold dentures securely.
Let patient rinse mouth
and brush gums.
Store dentures in a
denture cup labeled
with the patient's name.
Special Oral Hygiene
Usually given to unconscious or
semiconscious patients.
Tell the patient what you are doing.
Turn the patient's head toward you
Use a very small amount of liquid
Clean all areas of the mouth:
Teeth
Gum
Tongue
Roof of mouth
Apply lubricant to tongue and lips.
Bathing
Types of baths
Complete Bed bath
(CBB)
Patient is usually
confined to bed
and the health care
worker must bathe
all parts of the
patients body.
Complete Bed Baths
Use standard Wash body parts in this
precautions order:
Provide privacy Face, ears, and neck
comfort, and safety. axilla, arms, and hands
(apply deodorant)
Fill basin 2/3 full with
warm water at a chest, breast, and
temperature of 1050 abdomen thighs,
legs, and feet (change
1100 F water) back, buttock,
Form a mitten around and back of perineum
your hand with the (give back rub)
cloth perineal area.
Change water when it
becomes too cool, dirty
or soapy.
Bathing
Partial Bed Bath
Patient washes some of
the parts of their body
and the health care
worker washes the
parts of the body the
patient cannot reach.
Tub bath or shower
Health care worker
prepares the tub or
shower area and assists
patient as needed.
Tub Baths and Showers
Usually require a physicians order.
Make sure tub or shower is clean.
Put a rubber mat in tub or shower
Fill tubs half full with water at 1050 F
Help the patient into the tub or shower (use
the shower chair for patient who cannot
stand)
Assist patient as needed
Stay with patient or make sure patient can
use the emergency call system
After bath or shower cover patient with a
towel or bath blanket
Clean the tub or shower with a disinfectant
after each use.
Measuring and Recording
Intake and Output
Amount of fluid taken What do you measure?
into the body should Intake Oral (P.O.)
equal the amount of --Intravenous (IV)
fluid lost from the --Irrigation
body. Output --Bowel
Excessive fluid Movement (BM)
retained by body= --Emesis
edema (swelling) --Urine
Excessive fluid lost by --Irrigation
body=dehydration
INTAKE
Oral
Includes liquids taken by mouth
Also includes foods that are liquid at
room temperature such as soup, Jell-
O, ice cream, pudding, and Popsicles.
Fluids are measured in metric units
1 Cubic Centimeter (cc) = 1 milliliter
(ml)
INTAKE
1 ml or cc = 15 gtt (drops)
5 ml or cc = 1 tsp (teaspoon)
15 ml or cc = 1 tbsp (tablespoon)
30 ml or cc = 1 (oz) ounce
240 ml or cc = 1 cup (8 oz)
500 ml or cc = 1 pint (16 oz)
1000 ml or cc = 1 quart (32 oz)
MEASURING INTAKE
PRACTICE
Fred is on intake and output.
When you go into his room
after lunch, you examine his
lunch tray and find he
consumed the following:
1 hamburger
bowl of chicken broth (1 soup
bowl = 200 cc)
4 soda crackers
1 cup of tea
carton of milk ( 1 carton = 8
oz)
bowl of Jell-O ( 1 small bowl =
120 cc)
What was Freds fluid intake?
MEASURING OUTPUT
Output = all fluids eliminated by the
patient
Bowel movements (BM)
Liquid BMs are measured and recorded
Solid or formed BM is usually noted
under feces on the remarks column
EMESIS
Measure anything that is vomited.
Also note color, type, and other facts in the remarks
column
Urine
Measure all urine voided or drained via a catheter
Men can collect their urine in a urinal and women can
collect their urine in a bedpan or a special urine
collector that can be placed under the seat of the
toilet.
Irrigation
Measure any drainage from nasogastric tubes, hemo-
vacs, chest tubes or other drainage tubes
These measurements are usually done by the nurse.
MEASURING OUTPUT
PRACTICE
Jennifer is on intake and output. At the end of
an 8 hour shift, you note the following:
0800 (8:00 am) she voided 400 cc of urine
1000 (10:00 am) she vomited 200 cc of thick
yellow emesis with food particles in it
1130 (11:30 am) she had one formed green BM
1315 (1:15 PM) she voided 350 cc of urine
What was Jennifers output for the 7-3 shift?
Feeding the Patient
Prior to the meal
Provide privacy
Help patient use the bedpan or urinal if needed
Provide oral hygiene if desired
Remove emesis basins or bedpans from sight
Position patient in a sitting position if allowed
Wash patients hands and face
Put overbed table in position
Check to make sure the patient is not NPO
Make sure the diet is correct for the patient
Place a towel or napkin under patients chin
Open packages and cartons, season and cut foods if
necessary.
FEEDING A PATIENT
Steps for feeding a patient
Test the temperature of hot foods by placing
small amount on wrist
Feed patient slowly and give them time to chew
Use separate straw for each liquid
Hold utensil at a 900 to the patients mouth
Give small bites
Alternate foods and liquids
Allow patient to help as much as they are able
Offer choices to the patient
Wipe patients mouth as needed
Encourage patient to eat as much as possible.
AFTER THE MEAL
Allow patient to wash
their face and hands
Provide oral hygiene
Position patient in
correct body
alignment
Clean area
Note how much food
was eaten
Calculated I&O if this
is ordered for patient.
BEDPANS AND URINALS
Urinate, micturate, or
void terms for
emptying of the
bladder, which stores
urine.
Urinals are used by
male patient when
they need to micturate
A bedpan is used by
females when they
need to micturate
Defecate
Having a bowel movement
(BM)
Both men and women must
use a bedpan when they need
to defecate.
Two main types of bedpans
1. Fracture or orthopedic
bedpan
2. Standard bedpan
Many patients are sensitive
about using the bedpan.
Always provide privacy and
make them as comfortable as
possible.
Assisting with a Bedpan
Use standard precautions and wear gloves
Provide privacy for the patient
Warm bedpan by running warm water over it
There are two positions to place the pan
under the patients
1. Patient flexes knees and puts weight on
heels. They then lift their hips up.
2. Patient is turned to one side and the pan
is placed against the buttock and then the
patient is rolled back in the pan.
Bedpan Cont.
The patient's buttock should rest on the rounded
portion of the pan
Place call bell and tissue within patients reach
Raise siderail before leaving the patient
All done
Answer call bell immediately
Use the same positions to get the patient off the pan,
but hold onto the pan firmly
Cover the bedpan and place on nearby chair or table
Make sure perineum is clean and dry
Assist patient in washing hands
Clean bedpan and note any abnormalities of urine or
BM
ASSISTING WITH A
URINAL
Use standard precautions and wear gloves
Provide privacy for the patient Never
Assist patient with placement of the urinal if
needed
empty
Leave the call bell and toilet tissue near the a
patient bedpan
Answer patients call bell immediately or an
All finished..
Avoid exposing the patient
urinal
Have patient hand you the urinal if they are able until
Close the lid or cover the top of the urinal you
Assist patient with washing perineal area if check
needed
to see
Assist patient with washing his hands
Measure contents if patient is on I&O
if a
Empty urinal and clean with warm soapy water specim
Report any abnormalities to the urine en is
needed

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