Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Ballari
Objectives of Research
Research comprises
Library Research (i)Analysis of historical records Recording of notes, Contents analysis, Tape and listening
(ii)Analysis of documents and analysis.
Statistical compilation and manipulations, references and
abstract guides, contents analysis.
2. Field Research (i) Non-participant direct observation Observational behavioral scales, use of score cards,
(ii) participant observation etc.Interactional recording possible use of tape recorders,
(iii) Mass observation photo graphic techniques.Recording mass behaviour,
interview using independent observers in public
(iv) Mail questionnaire placesIdentification of social and economic background of
(v) Opinionnaire respondentsUse of attitude scales, projective techniques,
(vi) Personal interview use of sociometric scales.Interviewer uses a detailed
(vii) Focused interview schedule with open and closed questionsInterviewer
focuses attention upon a given experience and its
(ix) Telephone survey effectsUsed as a survey technique for information and for
(x) Case study and life history discerning opinion may also be used as a follow up of
questionnaireCross sectional collection of data for intensive
analysis, longitudinal collection of data of intensive
character
3. Laboratory Small groups study of random behavior, play Small groups study of random behavior, play and role
Research and role analysis analysis
Sample design is the heart of research work
Steps in Sample Design
Purposive sample
Quota sample
Convenience sample
While deciding about the method of
data collection to be used for the
study, the researcher should keep in
mind two types. i.e.
Primary Data
Secondary Data
There are several methods of collecting
primary data. These are:-
Questionnaires
Observations
Interviews
Schedules
Secondary data means data that is already available i.e. it
may be either published or unpublished.
Published data are available in:-
Diaries
Letters
Unpublished biographies and
autobiographies
Data available with research scholars
and research workers, trade
associations, labour bureaus and other
public/ private individuals and
organizations
After collection of data it has to be
processed and analyzed.
Process of Analysis
Editing
Coding
Classification
Tabulation
Descriptive analysis
Correlation analysis
Multivariate analysis
Under multivariate we have the following
analysis
Multiple regression analysis
Multiple discriminant analysis
Multivariate analysis of variance (or Multi-
ANOVA)
Canonical analysis
Inferential analysis
Hypothesis means a mere assumption or some supposition
to be proved or disapproved
Characteristics of Hypothesis