Active learning assesment

Topic: Pitot tube and its application

in Aircraft.

Name Enrollment ID
Naisarg Chauhan 140410101008
Parth Chavda 140410101010
Mansi Dave 140410101012
Hussain chunya 12BEAEG003
Hardik
Pitot tube

The pitot tube was invented by

french engineer henri pitot in early
18th century.
Pitot tube is used to measure fluid
flow velocity.
It is widely used in aircrafts to
measure speed of air.
It can measure local fluid flow
velocity but not used for average
velocity of a fluid flow.
 Construction

It consist a L shaped tube

facing into incoming flow.
Principle
Itis based on the principle that if
the velocity of fluid becomes zero
the preassure head is increased
due to the conversion of kinetic
energy into pressure enrgy.
The velocity of flow is determined
by measuring the rise of liquid in
a tube.
To calculate the velocity of fluid
we apply bernoulis equation to
the system of pitot tube.
By calculation we get velocity of
fluid is
V=(2gh)1/2
But this is a theoretical value.
Actual velocity is given by
V=Cv(2gh)1/2
When the pitot tube is used in
channel, the value of h can be
determined directly itself.
But when used in pipe, the
difference between static
pressure and total pressure must
be measured by U-tube
manometer.
Velocity of h by U-tube
manometer
Case 1:Differential manometer
containing heavier liquid then
liquid flowing through the pipe,
then h=x[sh/s0-1]
Case 2: Differential manometer
containing lighter liquid then
liquid flowing through pipe,then
h=x[1-sl/s0]
Determination of volumetric flow
rate
To determine volumetric flow rate
we need average velocity.
A more common way to find
average velocity is to mount a
grid of pitot tubes across the flow
then we can find average velocity
of flow.
Volumetric flow rate Q=Area
(A)*Mean Velocity(V)
Applications
In weather stations with high
wind speeds, the pitot tube is
modified to create a special type
of anemometer called pito tube
static anemometer.
To find velocity of air in aircrafts
and velocity of boat in water.
To find volumetric flow rate in
industries.
Pitot tube in aircrafts
Pitot tubesare used on aircraft
as speedometers.
The actual tube on the aircraft is
around 10 inches (25
centimeters) long with a 1/2 inch
(1 centimeter) diameter.
The outside holes are connected
to one side of a device called
apressure transducer.
The center hole in the tube is
kept separate from the outside
holes and is connected to the
other side of the transducer.
The transducer measures the
difference in pressure in the two
groups of tubes by measuring the
strain in a thin element using an
electronic strain gauge.
The pitot tube is mounted on the
aircraft so that the center tube is
always pointed in the direction of
travel and the outside holes are
perpendicular to the center tube.
(On some airplanes the pitot tube
is put on a longer boom sticking
out of the nose of the plane or
the wing.)
There are, however, some practical limitations:
If the velocity is low, the difference in pressures is
very small and hard to accurately measure with
the transducer. Errors in the instrument could be
greater than the measurement! So pitot tubes
don't work very well for very low velocities.
If the velocity is very high (supersonic), we've
violated the assumptions of Bernoulli's equation
and the measurement is wrong again. At the
front of the tube, ashock waveappears that will
change the total pressure. There are corrections
for the shock wave that can be applied to allow
us to use pitot tubes for high speed aircraft.
THANKS
YOU