EEE G592

Mobile & Personal Communication

BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus
 Spread Spectrum Techniques :
Capacity Issues & Power Control
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus
 Ideal CDMA System Near-Far Effect

PT 1 PT 1

PT 2
PT 2
MS1 MS1

MS2

MS2

d/2

d d
P
P 1
PR 2 PR1
d / 2 4

PR1 PR1 PR 2 PR 2 16 PR1 1

PR 2
C PR1 PR1 PR 2
1 16
f f
1.25 MHz I PR 2 1.25 MHz
C P 1
R1
I PR 2 16

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

What is Power Control?

Power control refers to the strategies or

techniques required in order to adjust, correct
and manage the power from the BS/MS in
both directions (i.e. uplink and downlink) in an
efficient manner.

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Advantages of PC

1. Maintain a satisfactory voice quality for most users

2. Increase overall system capacity while meeting
QoS requirements
3. Reduce the average transmit power from mobiles
or from cells and sectors
4. Maintain performance objectives such as BER,
FER, capacity estimates, dropped-call rate and
overall coverage capacity.

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 PC Strategies
UPLINK (Reverse Link) PC
Controls the mobiles transmit power

Open-Loop PC
Mobile measures received power and adjusts its transmit power
accordingly. (Note: 85dB dynamic range, rapid response is in sec)

Closed-Loop PC
BS measures received power from all mobiles and simultaneously
commands the individual mobiles to raise or lower transmit uplink power
so that the received SNR from all MSs at the BS is the same (800
commands/sec, + 1dB)

Closed Outer-loop PC
Closed Inner-loop PC

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

PC Strategies (cont.)

DOWNLINK (Forward Link) PC

Base station periodically reduces transmit power (0.5 dB
every 15-20 ms) to mobile until mobile senses increasing
error rate. (Note: Dynamic range is about 6 dB around
nominal transmit power)

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Importance of Downlink PC
Equalizes the system performance over the
service area

Provides load shedding between unequally loaded

cells in the service areas by controlling the inter-
cell interference to the heavy loaded cells

Minimizes the necessary transmission power level

to achieve good quality of service, which reduces
the cochannel interference in other cells, thereby
increasing the system capacity

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

PC algorithms studied

Distance Based Power Allocation

Distributed Balancing Power Control
Multiple step SIR based power control with
fixed step size
Adaptive Step Power Control
Modified Adaptive Step Power Control
(with buffer)

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
References
W. M. Tam and F. C. M. Lau, Capacity Analysis of a CDMA Cellular System with
Power Control Schemes, in Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International
Conference on Universal Personal Communications (ICUPC'97),1997

Lout Nuaymi, Philippe Godlewski, and Xavier Lagrange, A Power Control

Algorithm for 3G WCDMA Systems, in Proceedings of European Wireless,
Florence, Italy, 2002

Chung-Ju Chang and Fang-Ching Ren. Downlink Power Control in DS/CDMA

Cellular Mobile Radio Network. In Proceedings of the 3rd International
Conference on Universal Personal Communications, pages 89{93, San Diego,
CA, 1994

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus