Solar cell & marketing

MUHD SYAFIQ BIN MOHD YUSOF

172799
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE MAJOR IN
CHEMISTRY
BGY2001 (BIOLOGICAL CONCEPT)
1. Introduction
Traditional energy
Increase demand
Limited resources of the fossil fuels
Coal, oil, and gas as dominant
sources
Renewable energy
Continue flows of energy
Widely used for industrial
One of them is Solar radiation (infinite source)
Cleaner environment
2. Environmental problems
Massive consumption has a negative impact
The greenhouse effect linked to the CO2 in the
atmosphere.20th century
Conc. CO2 from 280 ppm to 350 ppm.
(Houghton, 2004)

Gases (CO2,SOX,NOX)
are produced from burning
of the fossil fuels

Plants and algae that grew by taking

in CO2 (Eutrophication)
3. Objectives
To determine the effenciency of solar cell on
environmental issues
To identify the different between photovoltaic and
photoelectrochemical cell
4. Solar energy
Directly into the chemical energy or electrical energy
(P. Salvador et al. 1996)
Sun delivers 1.2 10^14 kW energy on the Earth
Several ways can be collected
Photovolatic
Photoelectrochemical (PV)
(Solid State) solar cells, such as
conventional SINGLE CRYSTAL Solar
(PEC)solar cells (Becquerel. 1839).
(Liquid)
Cells (Chapins et al. 1975).
Current flow by conversion energy
p-n junction is formed between solid and a
from sunlight
liquid layer
Irradiation by light of appropriate frequency p-n junction is formed between two
on an electrode in contact with suitable solid layers
electrolyte (M.A.Russak et al. 1980)
 PEC & PV solar
energy
Advantages Disadvantages
Environmentally friendly PV cannot operate without light
No emissions Large area needed for large scale
applications
PV operates even in cloudy weather High initial costs that overshadow the
conditions low maintenance costs
Electricity is generated wherever there -
is
light or solar
No use of fuels and water -

Long lifetime, up to 30 years -

(Halls, J.J et al. 2001)

5. Market and Applications
o Low cost thin-film solar cells successfully achieved in laboratory
efficiency light conversion typical used for commercial
o Consumer products (watches, calculators etc), roofs and outer
walls of buildings
o Cost of solar electricity depends on performance PV module
o 1997
0.5 billion US$ of PV modules
As costs & technology ,more markets be captured,
leading to production & further cost reduction
o 2010
Current predictions show a 6 billion US$
global market for PV systems (Mero Zeman, 2011)
Source: http://www.google .com.my
6. Improve cost of solar
1. Concentrator
These are mirrors that concentrate
the suns energy to improve efficiency
(C. Jayewardena et al. 1998)
2. Hybrid solar system
Combine solar with other
forms of energy to make
reliability higher and cost
cheaper
(Solar-wind)
7. Conclusion
Solar energy can be used to power electronic
appliances while not polluting the environment
The expanded use of energy can have a positive
impact on job creation in the technology nowadays
Other than that, this would bring solar electricity to
allow people represents an enormous market
8. References
1. Halls, J.J. and R.H. Friend, Organic Photovoltaic devices,
in Clean electricity from photovoltaics, M.D. Archer and
R. Hill, Editors. (2001).
2. P. Salvador, A.M. Chaparro and A. Mir, Journal of
Physical Chemistry, 100(2) (1996).
3. Gregg, B.A., Excitonic solar cells. Journal of Physical
Chemistry B, (2003).
4. Photoelectrochemistry and Photovoltaics of Layered
Semiconductors. Ed. by A. Aruchamy, Kluwer, Academic
Publishers Dordrecht-Holland/Boston, U.S.A., (1992).
5. C. Jayewardena, K. P. Hewaparakarma, D. L. A. Wijewardana
and H. Guruge., Solar Energy Material and Solar Cells,
(1998)
Halls, J.J. and R.H. Friend, Organic Photovoltaic devices, in
Clean electricity from
photovoltaics, M.D. Archer and R. Hill, Editors. (2001)

P. Salvador, A.M. Chaparro and A. Mir,

J. Phys. Chem., 100(2) (1996)
 Click icon to add picture

ADD A SLIDE TITLE

- 5