Wind Turbine Modeling

of a Fully-Fed Induction
Machine
nar
nal
 Reason to Conduct This
Study
Grid codes specify static and dynamic requirements to be fulfilled by a
wind power
installation.

- Static requirements mainly determine the voltage control and power

control during normal operation.

- Dynamic requirements define the dynamic behavior of a wind turbine

or wind farm under grid disturbance.

- One of the most important dynamic requirements is grid fault ride-

through capability of the wind power generator. Grid fault ride-
through means that instead of disconnection, the wind generators
have to stay connected to the electrical power network for a certain
period.
 Reason to Conduct This
Study
Grid fault ride-through requirements define:

- how long a grid fault (voltage dip/sag or swell) can last

- how to operate under a balanced (symmetrical) grid fault

- how to operate under an unbalanced (unsymmetrical) grid fault.

 Reason to Conduct This
Study
In summary, it should be checked that:

- Wind Turbine stays safe during static and dynamic conditions

(machine-side converter is a vulnerable part of the system. It has a
restricted overcurrent limit and it needs special attention especially
during faults in the grid)

The turbine manufacturer is responsible for fulfilling the requirements of

turbine safety.

- Grid codes typically require that the wind turbine must remain
connected to the grid under different kinds of grid failure events. It is
very common that the wind turbine:

has to stay connected to the power system for a certain period

may not take power from the power system

produces capacitive reactive current.

Turkish Grid Code
Turkish Grid Code
Turkish Grid Code
Wind Turbine Configuration
Top Level Wind Farm Model
 Top Level Wind Farm Model
Transmission Line and
Grid

Pitch Controller Induction Converter Bridges including:

Generator and Its Machine Bridge Control
Torque System Subsystem
Network Bridge Control
Subsystem
Performance Of Model Depends On

- Wind Speed
- Torque Generated by Turbine
- Voltage Values
- Current Values
- Parameters of Generator
- Parameters of Convertor
- Parameters of Grid
 Induction Generator
It is a standart block in:
SimPowerSystems
Application Library
Machines
 Converter Bridges
It is a standart block in:
SimPowerSystems
Power Electronics
Universal Bridge
 Converter Bridges

Machine Bridge Control Network Bridge Control

Subsystem Subsystem
- Machine Bridge Control Subsystem controls the torque or the speed of
the generator and also the power factor at the stator terminals.
- Network Bridge Control Subsystem keeps the DC link voltage constant.
 Machine Bridge Control
Subsystem

Torque
Control
Flux
Control

- Generator magnetizing flux and generator torque are controlled with

the use of speed controller and hysteresis current controller.
- In addition, power factor at the stator terminals are controlled to
synchronize the stator to the electrical network.
 Network Bridge Control
Subsystem

- Real and reactive power are controlled with the use of voltage and
current controller.
- The primary function of the grid-side converter is to control the power
transfer between the network and the converter bridges.
 Transmission Line and Grid
It is a standart block in:
SimPowerSystems
Elements
Electrical Sources

- Grid parameters are short circuit power, base voltage and X/R ratio.
 Pitch Controller
It is a standart block in:
SimPowerSystems
Pitch Controller
Pitch Controller
 Model Assumptions
- The model is full parameterized; it has no hard coded parameter
values.
- The model could be used for a different wind turbine simply by
changing the initialization file; no change to the model is needed.
- The stiffness of the shaft between the generator and wind turbine
was chosen so that mechanical resonance occurred at 5Hz. This was
done to demonstrate the effectiveness of active damping.
- The model assumes that the converter DC link voltage is maintained
constant during the simulations, thus the energy storage of the DC
link due to the DC link capacitor has not been modeled.
- The wind turbine is considered to be delivering the power to grid and
not to local loads.
- As the objective of the modeling work was to get the correct transient
response during a grid fault, generator and converter losses
neglected or assumed to be zero.
 Simulation
Following cases are simulated:

- Normal Operation
- Three-Phase Line to Ground Grid Fault
- Two-Phase Line to Line Grid Fault

Following figures are plotted for each case:

- Generator Voltage, Current, Real Power and Reactive Power

- Generator Electromagnetic Torque, Speed
- Mechanical Torque, Rotor and Wind Speed, Pitch
- Inverter Voltage, Current, PWM Pulses, Vdc
- Grid Voltage, Current, Real Power and Reactive Power
Normal Operation Results
Normal Operation Results
Normal Operation Results
Normal Operation Results
Three Phase to Ground Fault Results
Three Phase to Ground Fault Results
Three Phase to Ground Fault Results
Phase to Phase Fault Results
Phase to Phase Fault Results
Phase to Phase Fault Results