Anatomy, CT Scan and MRI of Head

BY : ROSIANA DIAN PRATIWI G4A015167

Anatomy of Head

cranial nerves emerge

through foramina or fissures
in the cranium and are
covered by tubular sheaths
derived from the cranial
meninges.
Human Brain
cerebrum -The
largest division of
the brain. It is
divided into two
hemispheres, each
of which is divided
into four lobes
CT SCAN
 Frontal lobes (F); Suprasellar cistern (S); Sylvian fissures (S); Frontal horns of the
temporal lobes (T); cerebral peduncles third ventricle (3); lateral ventricles
temporal horns (white (white arrows); interpeduncular (white arrow);
arrows); fourth ventricle interpeduncular cistern
cistern (solid black caudate nuclei (c);
(4); cerebellum (C); pons (black arrow).
arrow); quadrigeminal third ventricle (3);
(P).
plate cistern (white occipital lobes (O).
arrow).

Frontal horns of the Caudate nuclei Genu of corpus callosum (dotted

Sylvian fissures (S);
lateral ventricles (C); lentiform white arrow); lateral ventricles
third ventricle (3);
(white arrow); nuclei (L); (L); septum pellucidum (dashed
interpeduncular cistern
caudate nuclei (c); calcified white arrow); parietal lobes (P);
(solid black arrow);
third ventricle (3); pineal gland occipital horn (black arrow);
quadrigeminal plate
occipital lobes (O). (white calcified choroid plexus (solid
cistern (white arrow). arrow white arrows); occipital lobes (O).
Ischemic Stroke Haemorragic Hidrosephalus
Stroke

Fracture, brain and bone EDH SDH ICH

window
 HOW TO
UNDERSTAND MRI
IMAGING ?
MRI based on the principles of nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR), a spectroscopic
technique to obtain microscopic chemical and
physical information about molecules

Penilaian MRI adalah berdasarkan intensitasnya, ada tiga

macam intensitas yaitu: hipointens, isointens dan hiperintens,
contoh:
1. Air : hipointens pada T1 dan menjadi hiperintens pada T2
2. Lemak atau darah : hiperintens pada T1 dan T2
3. Kalsifikasi : hipointens pada T1 dan T2
MRI otak normal, potongan
aksial, CSS di ventrikel
lateral (tanda panah). (A) T1
(hipointens: hitam) dan (B)
T2 (hiperintens: putih).
SDH Stroke
Difusse
Haemoragic
Axonal Injury
ADVANTAGES OF HEAD CT
CT is much faster than MRI, making it the
study of choice in cases of trauma and other
acute neurological emergencies
CT can be obtained at considerably less cost
than MRI, and is sufficient to exclude many
neurological disorders
CT is less sensitive to patient motion during
the examination. because the imaging can be
performed much more rapidly
CT may be easier to perform in claustrophobic
or very heavy patients
CT provides detailed evaluation of cortical
boneCT allows accurate detection of
calcification and metal foreign bodies
CT can be performed atno risk to the patient
with implantable medical devices, such as
cardiac pacemakers, ferromagnetic vascular
clips, and nerve stimulators
ADVANTAGES OF HEAD MRI
MRI does not useionizing radiation, and is
thus preferred over CT in children and patients
requiringmultiple imaging examinations
MRI has a much greater range of
available soft tissue contrast, depicts
anatomy in greater detail, and is more
sensitive and specific for abnormalities within
the brain itself
MRI scanning can be performed in any
imaging plane without having to physically
move the patient
MRI contrast agents have a considerably
smaller risk of causing potentially lethal
allergic reaction
MRI allows the evaluation of structures that
may be obscured by artifacts from bone inCT
images