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1 yr = 36 in.
1m = 39.37 in.
1000m = 1km
1km = 0.621 in
1 mi = 1.609 in.
Fraction
Measurements
Fractional dimensions, often called scale
dimensions, can be measured with
such instruments as rulers or caliper.
The steel rule used in machine shop to
work are graduated either in binary-
fractional divisions of 1, 2, 4, 8,
16, 32, and 64 of inch (fig.7.1) or in
decimal fraction divisions, decimeters,
centimeters, millimeters, and half
millimeters (fig. 7.2).
Fractional divisions of an inch
Fractional Steel Rule
The common binary fractions
found on inch steel rules are
64, 32, 16, and 8 of an inch.
Spring tempered quick-reading 6
in rules (fig. 7.4)
Hook rules (fig 7.5) are used to
make accurate measurements
from a shoulder, steep, or edge
of a work piece.
Short length rules (fig. 7.6) are
useful in measuring small
opening and hard to reached
locations where an ordinary rule
cannot be used.
Decimal rules (fig. 7.7) are most
often used when it is necessary
to make linear measurements
smaller than 4 in.
Outside Caliper
They are made in several
style, such as spring joint
and firm joint caliper.
Therefore caliper should not
be used when an accuracy of
less than 0.007 to 0.008 in
(0.18 to 0.20mm) is required.
Setting an outside
Caliper to a rule
Proceed as follow:
1. Place the rule in the left hand
with the forefinger extending
slightly beyond the end of the
rule (fig. 7.12)
2. Hold the caliper in the right
hand and place one leg of the
caliper over the end of the rule,
supporting it with the forefinger.
3. Hold both legs of the caliper
parallel to the edge of the rule
and turn the adjusting nut until
of the lower caliper leg splits the
desire graduation on the rule.
Metrology
Mechanists Combination
Square
The combination square is a
basic tool used by the machinist
for quickly checking 90 and 45.
The combination square may also
be used as a depth gage (fig.
8.2) or to measure the length of
work to reasonable accuracy.
Mechanists Combination Square
Beveled edge squares