Naming

compounds
BY : JOSE GILBERTO A. DE LEON
 Chemical reactions occur
when atoms gain, lose, or
share electrons.
Metals Nonmetals

Nonmetals gain /
_____________
accept
electrons._
This gives them anions
a ____
Metalscharge.
lose
________________
/
Negative ions +
are
electrons.
donate called
___________.
This gives themcations
a ____
 Remember that the charge of an
ion can be determined by its
place on the Periodic Table.
+ + 0
1 4
+ + or -3 -2 -1
2 3 -4

Look for the Roman

Numeral!
 Rules for Naming Ions

When metals lose electrons they

become ions, but their name does
not change.
N Na +
+ e -

a
sodiu
m
sodiu
m
electr
on

M Mg + +2
2e -

g
magnesi
um
magnesi
um
2
electron
s
 Rules for Naming Ions

When nonmetals gain electrons

they become ions, and their name
does change.

F + e -
F -

fluori electr fluori

ne on de
S + S -2

sulfur 2eelectrons
- 2 sulfid
e
 Rules for Naming Ions
1. The names of metals do not
change.
2. Changing the name of
nonmetals:
root of element name + -ide =
name of ion
Exampl
es:
The name of chlorines ion:
chlor- + -ide = chloride
The name of nitrogens ion:
nitr- + -ide = nitride
Examples of
naming ions:
The name of calciums ion:
calcium
(The names of metals dont change!)
The name of oxygens ion:
ox- + -ide = oxide
The name of aluminums ion:
aluminum
(The names of metals dont change!)
There are also ions that form
after elements have shared
electrons. These ions are known
as polyatomic ions, and each
polyatomic ion already has a
name.
Steps for Naming Ionic
Compounds
CaB
calciurbromid
m 2 e
Step 1: Write the name of the
metal
Step 2:ion.
Write the name of the
nonmetal
Step 3: YOUion.
ARE DONE! It is that
easy.
 1. 2.

NaF
sodiu fluorid
MgO
magnesi oxide
m e um
3. 4.

SrCl 2
stronti chlorid
Li S
lithiu2 sulfid
um e m e
5.
6. KI
CaO
calciumoxide potassi iodide
um
 When polyatomic ions are used,
simply use the name of the
polyatomic ion in the
compound.
1. 2.

NH F
4 fluorid
ammoni
CaSO
calcium
sulfate
um e
3. 4.
4
Mg(NO 3
magnesinitrate
) NaOH
sodiu hydroxi
um m de
2
You can also determine the formula of an
ionic compound from its name. To do
this, you will need to use what you
already know about the Periodic Table.
magnesium iodide

M +2 I -
gMgI2
Step 1: Write the symbol of the
metal
Step 2:ion.
Write the symbol of the
nonmetal ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the
periodic table.
Step 4: Determine the formula from the
ions.
This is just as easy to do with polyatomic
ions. You just need to use the name of
the polyatomic ion.
strontium nitrate

Sr +2 NO-
Sr(NO 33

metal
Step 2:ion.
)
Step 1: Write the symbol of the
2
Write the formula of the
polyatomic ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the
periodic table and the table of
Step 4: Determine
polyatomic ions. the formula from the
ions.
Be very careful that you do not mix
up the names of ions. This is very
common for beginners to naming.
Decide which name goes with each
ion. nitra
N -
te
nitrid NO3
3 e -
sulfi
S -
sulfit
de
SO3 -2

2 e
phosph
P -
ate
phosphi PO4
3 de -3
 Remember that the names of
transition metals include their
charge because their charges
are less predictable.
What are the charges of the
transition metals below:
Iron (II)+_______ +
Iron (III) _______
Copper 2 (II)+_______ Copper (I) 3+
_______ + 2 + 1
+
Tin (IV) 4
_______ Tin (II) 2 +
_______
Lead
We(II)2_______
know theyLead (IV) _______
are positive4
because metals are always
positive.
The charges of the transition metals are
important when you are determining the
formula of an iron
ionic (III)
compound.
oxide

Fe+3 O-2
Fe2O3
Step 1: Write the symbol of the
cation.
Step 2: Write the symbol of the anion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the
periodic table and the roman numerals.
Step 4: Determine the formula from the
ions.
Helpful Hint:
If the ion ends in ide, it is
probably from the periodic
table. If the ion ends in ate
or ite, it is a polyatomic ion.
Examples:
sulfate sulfide sulfite

SO4 -2
S -2
SO3 -2

nitride nitrite nitrate

N -3
NO2 -
NO3 -
 Naming Binary
Covalent Compounds
 shared
electron
Nonmetals s

Chemical reactions occur when

atoms gain, lose, or share
electrons.
Sharing electrons
Nonmetals shar creates a
can _______
covalent
electrons e bond
to form a covalent
molecul
bond.
e
This creates a ___________.
 Determining if a
compound is
ionicelements
What or covalent is easy.
do covalent
compounds contain?
Covalent
compounds
contain only
What elements do ionic
nonmetals.
compounds
Ionic contain?
compounds
contain a metal
and a
 Important Facts:
Because hydrogen only has 1 proton
and 1 electron, it behaves differently
than any other element on the
periodic table of elements.
Hydrogen
can
H+ donate its
1
H
Hydrogen 2
electron. can share
Hydrogen
electrons.
can gain 1
H- electron.

This means that hydrogen can act

as either a metal or a nonmetal!
 There are 7 elements that
exist in nature as diatomic
molecules.
What elements exist as diatomic
molecules?
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2,
Br2, I2
There are millions of covalent
compounds. These can be classified
into many different types of
compounds. Each type of compound
has a different set of rules for naming.
You will be learning about the easiest
Binarycompound
type of covalent Covalent to name:
Compounds
Binary
What does binary means 2.
mean?
Binary covalent
compounds are between 2
different nonmetals.
Nonmetals can share electrons in
many different ways. This means that
two nonmetals can create multiple
compounds together.
carbon and phosphorous and
oxygen chlorine
CO CO2 PCl3 PCl5
nitrogen and
oxygen
N 2O N 2O
Each of these contains a different ratio
of elements. 4Because of
3 this, we have
to make sure that the name of the
compound explains the correct ratio.
To show the
correct ratio
of elements,
we use
prefixes.
 Steps for Naming
Binary Covalent Compounds
N 2O
dinitrog
nitrog tetroxid
oxide
en
en 4 e
Step 1: Write the name of the
first
Step nonmetal.
2: Write the name of the
second nonmetal changing its
ending to -ide.
Step 3: Add prefixes to specify
how many of each element are
present.
 Rules for Using Prefixes
Rule 1: Prefixes are only for BINARY
COVALENT compounds.
Rule 2: The prefix mono- is never used
on the first element of a binary
covalent compound. Without a prefix
it is assumed that
Example: COthere is only 1.
is carbon
2
dioxide, and not
monocarbon dioxide.
Rule 3: Remove the -o or -a from a
prefix before adding it to oxide.
Example: CO is carbon
monoxide, and not carbon
monooxide.
 Because of the prefixes, it
is very easy to go from the
name of a binary covalent
compound
dinitrogento its formula.
tetrafluoride

N2F4
Step 1: Write the symbol of the first
nonmetal and the subscript that
matches the prefix.
Step 2: Write the symbol of the
second nonmetal and the subscript
that matches the prefix.
 Naming Ionic and
Covalent Compounds
Review
Chemical reactions occur
when atoms gain, lose, or
share electrons.
This is what creates
Nonmetalsgain /
_____________
compounds!
accept
electrons.
_
This gives them anions
a ____
charge.
Negative ions are called
Metals lose
________________
/
___________.
donate+
electrons.
This gives themcations
a ____
charge.
What elements do ionic
compounds contain?
Ionic compounds
contain a metal and a
nonmetal. Nonmet
als
Metals
Steps for Naming Ionic
Compounds
MgCl
magnesi chlorid
um 2 e
Step 1: Write the name of the
metal
Step 2:ion.
Write the name of the
nonmetal ion.
Remember that we change the
name of nonmetal ions to ide.

YOU ARE DONE! It is

that easy.
 shared
electron
Nonmetals s

Chemical reactions occur when

atoms gain, lose, or share
electrons.
Sharing electrons
Nonmetals shar creates a
can _______
covalent
electrons e bond
to form a covalent
molecul
bond.
e
This creates a ___________.
What elements do
covalent compounds
contain?
Covalent compounds
contain only
nonmetals.

Nonmetal
s
Steps for Naming Covalent
Compounds
P2S4
phosphoro tetrasul
diphosphor sulfide
us
ous fide
Step 1: Write the name of the
first
Step nonmetal.
2: Write the name of the
second nonmetal changing its
ending to -ide.
Step 3: Add prefixes to specify
how many of each element are
present.
Rules for Using Prefixes with
Covalent Compounds
Rule 1: Prefixes are only for COVALENT
compounds.
Rule 2: The prefix mono- is never used
on the first element of a binary
covalent compound. Without a prefix
it is assumed that
Example: PClthere is only 1.
is phosphorous
3
trichloride, and not
monophosphorous trichloride.
Rule 3: Remove the -o or -a from a
prefix before adding it to oxide.
Example: N2O4 is nitrogen
tetroxide, and not
 Determining if a
compound is
ionic
What or covalent
elements do ionicis easy.
compounds
Ionic contain?
compounds
contain a metal
and a
nonmetal.
What elements do covalent
compounds contain?
Covalent
compounds
contain only
 Steps for Naming a
Compound
Step 1: Decide if the compound is
ionic or covalent.
Step 2: Write the name of the
first element as it appears on the
periodic table, change the name
of Ionic
the second element
compounds areto end
finished at
with -ide. this point.
Step 3: If, and only if, the
compound is covalent, add
prefixes.
 Remember, if polyatomic ions
appear in an ionic compound,
simply use the name of the ion
as it appears in the table of
polyatomic
1. ions. 2.

NH Cl
4 chlorid
ammoni
MgSO
magnesi sulfite
um e um
3. 3
4. KOH
Ca(NO )
2 2
calciumnitrite potassi hydroxi
um de
Determining the Formula of
an Ionic Compound from Its
Name
potassium sulfide

K+ S-2
K 2S
Step 1: Write the symbol of the
metal
Step 2:ion.
Write the symbol of the
nonmetal ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the
periodic table.
Step 4: Determine the formula from the
ions.
This is just as easy to do with polyatomic
ions. You just need to use the table of
polyatomic ions found on the naming
compounds reference sheet.
barium sulfate
The charges
Ba+2 SO-24 are the
same, so
BaSO4 they
cancel!
Step 1: Write the symbol of the
metal
Step 2:ion.
Write the formula of the
polyatomic ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the
periodic table and the table of
Step 4: Determine
polyatomic ions. the formula from the
ions.
Be very careful that you do not mix
up the names of ions. This is very
common for beginners to naming.
Decide which name goes with each
ion.
sulfi
S -
sulfa
de
SO4
2 te -2
phosph
P -
ate
phosphi PO4
3 de -3
nitrit
N nitrid
-
e NO2
3
Remember that the
names of transition
metals include their
charge because their
d-
charges are less block
predictable.
What are the charges
Tin (IV)
of the +
_______ metalsTin (II) +
transition _______
Lead (II)4+
below: _______ +
Lead (IV) 2_______
Iron (II)+_______
2 +4
Iron (III) _______
Copper 2 + _______ Copper (I)
(II) 3+
_______ 2 1
We know they are positive
because metals are always
The charges of the transition metals are
important when you are determining the
formula of an ionic compound.
copper (II) nitrate

Cu+2 NO-
Cu(NO 3

metal ion. 3 )
Step 1: Write the symbol
2
of the
Step 2: Write the symbol of the
polyatomic ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the
periodic table, polyatomic ions table, or
Step 4: Determine
the roman the formula from the
numerals.
ions.
 Because of the prefixes, it
is very easy to go from the
name of a binary covalent
compound to its
dihydrogen formula.
monoxide

H2O
Step 1: Write the symbol of the first
nonmetal and the subscript that
matches the prefix.
Step 2: Write the symbol of the
second nonmetal and the subscript
that matches the prefix.
Remember: The prefix mono-
is never used on the first
element of a binary covalent
compound. Without a prefix
it is assumed that there is
only 1.Example: carbon
dioxide
CO2