OMF000501 GSM RN

Optimization ISSUE1.4

Wireless Training Department

Course Contents

Concept of RN optimization

KPI of radio network

Work flow of RN optimization

Parameter adjustment principles

RN optimization tools introduction

Common problems of RN optimization

 Concept of RN Optimization

Radio network optimization means network performance

improvement utilizing existing network resources.
Steps in general
Data collection and verification
Data analysis
Parameter and hardware adjustment
Optimization result confirm and reporting

The purpose is increasing the utilization of network resources

and solving the existing and potential problem on the network,
identifying solutions for future network planning.
 Concept of RN Optimization

Capacity

Quality Coverage

Optimize
 Concept of RN Optimization

Due to the mobility of subscribers and complexity of radio

wave propagation, most of network problems are caused by
increasing subscribers and the changing environments.
RN Optimization is a continuous process that is required as
the network evolves
 Concept of RN Optimization

In the following case, the network should be optimized

New network or expansion on existing network
The network quality decreased seriously and there are many
complaints from subscribers.
An event occurs suddenly which affects the network
performance seriously.
The number of subscribers increased and affects the network
performance gradually.
 Concept of RN Optimization

Input for Optimization

CUSTOMER
COMPLAINTS

OPTIMIZE

TRAFFIC DRIVE
STATISTICS TEST
Course Contents
Concept of RN optimization

KPI of radio network

Work flow of RN optimization

Parameter adjustment principles

RN optimization tools introduction

Common problems of RN optimization

 KPI of Radio Network

KPI (KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS)

Indicates overall performance of network over a period of time
Good way to monitor network trends and anticipate future problems
Data obtained from drive test and traffic statistics
 KPI of Radio Network

Typical Radio Network KPI

KPI Parameter Source

Call Drop Rate OMC/Drive test
Congestion Rate Drive test
BTS1
Handover Success Rate OMC/Drive test
Busy Hour Traffic OMC
BTS3 BTS2
TCH Utilization OMC
Call Setup success rate OMC/Drive test
Coverage Drive test BTS4

Quality Drive test

Course Contents
Concept of RN optimization

KPI of radio network

Work flow of RN optimization

Parameter adjustment principles

RN optimization tools introduction

Common problems of RN optimization

Flow Chart of Network Optimization
Course Contents
Concept of RN optimization

KPI of radio network

Work flow of RN optimization

Parameter adjustment principles

RN optimization tools introduction

Common problems of RN optimization

 Parameter Adjustment Principles
Parameter adjustment procedure

MONITOR IDENTIFY
EFFECT PROBLEM

MAKE
MAKE
CHANGES
CHANGES
 Parameter Adjustment Principles

Parameter Types

Radio Parameters Engineering Parameters

Handover Antenna
Parameters D-tilt
Handover Handover Antenna Antenna
Parameters Parameters
Height Orientation
 Parameter Adjustment Principles

Adjustment of cell data parameters

Adjust the cell parameters according to the features of actual
radio channel traffic and signaling load. The parameters are for
cell select,cell reselect,call setup, handover etc, so as to improve
the overall network performance and service quality to the end
user.
Another basic principle of radio parameter adjustment is to
maximize the current network resource, traffic sharing in the the
whole network, increase the utilization of the equipment, so as to
increase the profit-investment ratio.
 Parameter Adjustment Principles

According to the feature of problem to be solved, there are two

types of radio parameter adjustment.
Solve static problems: Analyze the average traffic and signaling
flows of the network and solve the network problems that
existed long time
Solve traffic overload and congestion problems during some
special period caused by special events.
Course Contents
Concept of RN optimization

KPI of radio network

Work flow of RN optimization

Parameter adjustment principles

RN optimization tools introduction

Common problems of RN optimization

 Driving Test Tools

The following are the frequently used drive test tools:

TEMS and GIMS
Ant Pilot and GSM 2000
SAFCO Walkabout & SAFCO OPAS
TS9951
NEPTUNE
 Driving Test Tools

Drive test Tool application

Identify specific problems in the network
Attend to customer complaints
Perform network benchmarking with other operators
Collect periodic network data for reporting
Check coverage in new areas
 Driving Test Tools

Example: Drive test data

 Signaling Analyzer

Signaling analyzer
In real time, MA-10 signaling analyzer can trace A-bis interface
signaling message, A-G interface signaling message, SS7
signaling message of ISUP, TUP and INAP, and also bit error
rate of transmission system.
For further analysis the signaling message files can be saved
during online tracing, then they can be opened for analysis at
anytime.
 Spectrum Analyzer

Spectrum analyzer
The spectrum analyzer is mainly used to test the characteristics
of frequency, including spectrum, power of the adjacent channel,
and frequency scanning etc.
 OMC Traffic Statistics

OMC
Provides flexible means to record different information from the
network
Able to sample large amounts of data to give a better picture of
the network on a longer period of time
 OMC Traffic Statistics

BSC performance measurement functions

High drop
High block List of alarm
List of alarm rate
rate
TCH Drop
statistics measure
Drop call
Rx_q & Rx_l measure
measure Low HO suc
List of alarm
rate
Hardware Conk
List of alarm HO TCH
out
measurement statistics

Rx_q & Rx_l balance between UL Incoming cell HO

measure & DL
Outgoing cell HO

Signalling test
instrument
Course Contents
Concept of RN optimization

KPI of radio network

Work flow of RN optimization

Parameter adjustment principles

RN optimization tools introduction

Common problems of RN optimization

 Common Problems of RN Optimization

The three most important performance criterias are coverage,

capacity quality. they mainly correspond to the following
network problems:
Coverage
Congestion
Interference
Handover
TCH call drop
Dual-band network traffic distribution
 Common Problems --Coverage

Coverage

Coverage hole
Coverage hole may exist when coverage areas of two BTS
do not overlap or there are some big obstacles in the
coverage area, this lead to no signal or very poor signal
level.
Over shooting
In the actual network, the high BTS antenna can propagate
far away along a road and serve in area which its not
suppose to serve in; which result in the "isolate Island"
problem.
 Common Problems --Coverage

Check and solve the coverage problem:

Power control measurement Function ( Statistics)
Receiving Level Measurement Function ( Statistics)
Cell Measurement Function ( Statistics)
Inter-cell Handover Measurement Function ( Statistics)
 Common Problems --Coverage

Check the coverage problem:

Call Drop Measurement Function ( Statistics)
Defined Adjacent Measurement Function (Statistics)
Undefined Adjacent Measurement Function ( Statistics)
Outgoing Inter Cell Handover Measurement Function ( Statistics)
Rx Level data ( Drive test)
 Common Problems --Coverage

Coverage Problem Solution:

Adjust Radio parameters
Adjust antenna parameters
Use booster, low loss combiner and tower mount amplifier
Add new site (last resort)
 Common Problems --Capacity
Capacity

TCH congestion
Check TCH congestion rate: attempted TCH seizers failure for all
(no radio resource available ) on OMC traffic statistics data, or
compare the busy hour traffic of each cell with the calculated
capacity in different GoS to judge the situation of traffic congestion .
Traffic balance
Adjust the antenna height, downtilt, and change the TX power of
BTS and MS.
Adjust parameters for cell selection, cell reselection and handover
Enable load handover and direct retry functions.
 Common Problems --Interference

How to locate the interference

Interference band in TCH Measurement Function
( Statistics)
Receiving Level Measurement Function ( Statistics)
Rx_Qual ( Drive test)
 Common Problems --Interference

How to locate the interference

Ratio of handovers for uplink/downlink quality ( Statistics)
Receiving Quality Measurement (Statistics)
Call drop measurement function ( Statistics)
Too many handover failure and reestablishment failures
( Statistics)
 Common Problems --Interference

Check and solve the interference problems

Check the place with interference and conversation quality by
drive test.
Use spectrum analyzer to find out the interference in the
frequency band.
Enable frequency hopping, DTX and power control functions.
Check and eliminate equipment problems (if any).
 Common Problems --Interference

Means to decrease the interference :

Increase the reuse distance between the co-frequency and
adjacent frequencies.
Decrease the transmitting power of BTS.
Adjust the antenna height, azimuth, down-tilt.
Use the anti-interference technologies, such as frequency
hopping, power control, DTX, and so on.
 Common Problems --Handover

Common handover problems:

Handover failure and handover delay lead to bad quality or
call drop.
Frequent handover decreases the conversation quality and
increases system signaling load.
Unreasonable proportion of outgoing inter-cell handover to
incoming inter-cell handover results in imbalanced traffic.
 Common Problems --Handover

Check and solve handover problems:

Check the handover parameters (OMC)
Inter-cell Handover Measurement Function (Statistics)
Undefined Adjacent Cell Measurement Function (Statistics)
Outgoing Inter Cell Handover Measurement Function (Statistics)
Incoming Inter Cell Handover Measurement Function (Statistics)
TCH Measurement Function (Statistics)
 Common Problems --Handover

Causes of abnormal handover and solutions:

The outgoing inter cell handover threshold is too low.
The adjacent cells is congested.
There are undefined adjacent cells relationship.
The handover hysteresis and handover priority are not reasonable.
The handover statistics times N and P are not set reasonable.
In HCS network coexisting with other vendors cells, the external
cells parameters (such as LAC, CI and BCCH) must be corrected.
 Common Problems Call Drop

TCH call drop

During the GSM network operation, call drop is the main reason
the subscribers complain. It usually refers to the call dropped
after TCH channel seized or conversation connected, which can
be located via traffic statistics or drive test.
There are many call drop causes. Such as poor signal strength,
interference and improper parameters.
There are two important counters related call drop, radio link
timeout (RLT downlink) and SACCH multi-frame number
(uplink) sent in system information. These two counters should
be set properly according to the traffic and coverage.
 Common Problems Dual-band Network

Optimization for dual-band network

Take the following special approaches when optimize the dual-
band network, most of the approaches are same as single-band
network optimization:
When GSM 900M and GSM 1800M network belong to a same LAC
the features of two network are basically same. Parameters such as
CRO can be set flexibly according to the traffic, thus can balance
the traffic and avoid cell congestion.
When GSM 900M and GSM 1800M network has there own location
area code, CRH and CRO should be set properly to avoid frequent
location update.
Adjust layer thresholds to balance traffic between GSM 900 and
GSM 1800
 Common Problems Dual-band Network

Dual band network optimization elements

Cell select Direct retry

Hand over
Idle mode Calling mode

Cell reselect Dedicate mode

 Exercise

Questions

Please write down KPI for normal network

Please write down the work flow for radio network optimization
How to do for traffic balance