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Histology
Fig 19-4
Hypophyseal Portal System
Fig 19-6
Fig 19-7
Thyroid Gland
Anterior surface of trachea
just inferior of thyroid cartilage
(or Adams apple)
Two lobes connected by
isthmus
Microscopic thyroid follicles
produce thyroid hormone
C Cells - produce calcitonin
(Ca )
2+
Thyroid Gland Function
Parathyroid hormone
(PTH; sometimes
also called
parathormone)
Function: antagonist
to Calcitonin Fig 19-9
Thymus Gland
Inside thoracic cavity
immediately posterior
to sternum above the
heart
Most active in infancy
and childhood - Largest
just before puberty
Thymosin - enhances
lymphocyte production
and competence.
(important for immune
system)
Adrenal or Suprarenal Gland
Cortex: corticosteroid production
aldosterone, cortisol, sexhormone
Medulla: modified sympathetic ganglion
produces adrenaline and noradrenaline
(parallels sympathetic division of ANS)
Histology
Fig 19-10
Pancreas
Part of endocrine and digestive
systems. (99% exocrine)
Pancreatic islets or islets of Langerhans
cells: glucagon ( blood sugar levels by stimulating
liver to convert glycogen to glucose)
cells: insulin ( blood sugar levels by causing the cells
to take up glucose for use by the mitochondria)
cells: somatostatin