INDUSTRIAL

AUTOMATION
Pipping and Instrumentation Diagram
Piping and Instrumentation
Diagram
Purpose
1. To indicate the instruments or control devices attached to the
process.
2. To indicate the control system architecture associated with the
process.
. How its done?
Standard symbols and notations representing instruments or control
devices are placed to the piping's and vessels. Standard symbols and
notations are available from ISA-5.1(1984) standard.
Methodology
Process piping and sub-piping.

A thick straight line represent ____________________

main process piping
A thin straight line represent ____________________
process sub-piping either
to instruments or by-pass
process line.
P&ID signal and process lines
Instrument Naming Rule
Instrument Naming Rule
Instruments/control Devices
Instruments/control Devices
Tag Number
Each instrument in Process is given a tag number. This number is
assigned on following rules.
1. The number should be three digit.
2. All the instruments in a process control loop have same tag
numbers.
Final Control Elements
Final Control Elements
Example 1:
Given is a reaction vessel in which reactants are heated with the help of
steam at specific temperature and final product is obtained from a
reactant outlet at a control
Process specific loop
flow 1rate. Process control loop 2
Temperature is measured from Output flow of product is
the reactant vessel and measured from transformed to
transformed to current signal pneumatic pressure signal

Error detection and control is Error detection and control is

conducted by temperature
controller in control room
Control signal is then sent to
pressure actuator
conducted by flow controller.
Control signal is then sent to flow
control valve which inturn
controls the output flow rate of
product

Which then actuates a

temperature controlled valve
 PFD
i/p convertor Flow valve
Temperature
valve

Reaction
vessel
Flow
Temperature
controller
controller

Temperature Flow sensor

sensor
P&ID
P&ID interpretation
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instrumentation-diagrams.html#axzz3zZEB7vr7