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Secretions: Receptors:
a. Bactericidal molecules a. Chemotactic receptor
b. Cytokines b. Complement
c. Bioactive lipids c. For adhesion
d. For cytokines
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
INNATE DEFENSE ONCE EPIDERMAL OR MUCOSAL BARRIERS
HAVE BEEN COMPROMISED
2. GRANULOCYTE CELL POPULATIONS
a. Neutrophils
- short-lived (2-3 days)
- most abundant (90% of granulocytes)
- most important in phagocytosis
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
INNATE DEFENSE ONCE EPIDERMAL OR MUCOSAL BARRIERS
HAVE BEEN COMPROMISED
2. GRANULOCYTE CELL POPULATIONS
b. Eosinophils
- poor phagocytic cells
- involved mainly in killing of helminthes
c. Basophils
- non-phagocytic cells
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
PHAGOCYTOSIS
- exhibited by neutrophils and macrophages
Steps:
1. Chemotaxis
2. Adherence
3. Engulfment
4. Phagosome formation
5. Phagolysosome formation
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY
Functions:
1. Opsonization of microbial membranes
2. Activation of leukocytes
3. Lysis of the target cell membrane
HUMORAL ADAPTIVE IMMUNE
SYSTEM
ANTIBODY STRUCTURE
2 chains:
1. Heavy chain
2. Light chain
- driven by IL-4
- produces IL-4, 5, 6, 10, and 13
- regulate humoral immunity
CELL-MEDIATED ADAPTIVE IMMUNE
SYSTEM
T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS
2. T-Regulatory Cells
- serves as immune suppressor leading to peripheral tolerance to self or
foreign antigens
- with CD4 and Foxp3 transcription factor
- approximately 10% of CD4+ T-cell population
3. T-cells
- T-cells possessing TCR made up of single -chain and a single -chain
- main mechanism is still unknown but capable of phagocytosis and
cytokine production
CELL-MEDIATED ADAPTIVE IMMUNE
SYSTEM
T-LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN RECOGNITION
AND MHC PROTEINS
2 Classes of MHC
1. MHC class I
- expressed on the surface of all
nucleated host cell membranes
- present peptide to cytotoxic T cells
CELL-MEDIATED ADAPTIVE IMMUNE
SYSTEM
T-LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN RECOGNITION AND
MHC PROTEINS
2 Classes of MHC
2. MHC class II
- expressed only on a more specialized
group of cells termed as antigen-presenting
cells (APCs)
- present peptide antigen to helper T-cells
CELL-MEDIATED ADAPTIVE IMMUNE
SYSTEM
PROCESSING OF
PROTEINS TO ALLOW
PEPTIDE
PRESENTATION BY
MCH CLASS I
MOLECULES
CELL-MEDIATED ADAPTIVE IMMUNE
SYSTEM
PROCESSING OF
PROTEINS TO ALLOW
PEPTIDE
PRESENTATION BY
MCH CLASS II
MOLECULES
CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE OF
IMMUNOLOGY
TRANSPLANTATION REJECTION
1. Hyperacute rejection
- occurs within minutes to hours following revascularization
of graft
- occurs due to presence of preformed antibody that reacts
with blood cells, MHC I molecules or other poorly defined
antigens
CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE OF
IMMUNOLOGY
TRANSPLANTATION REJECTION
2. Acute Rejection
- occurs within weeks to months following transplantation
- involves humoral and cell-mediated induced cytotoxicity
3. Chronic Rejection
- occurs many months or years following transplantation
- characterized by fibrosis
- primarily due to diversity of MHC classes in individuals
CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE OF
IMMUNOLOGY
HYPERSENSITIVITY
TYPE I TYPE II TYPE III TYPE IV
Common Immediate/ Antibody- Complex- Cell-mediated
name acute mediated mediated