INTRODUCTION TO

THINKING SKILLS
 What is think and
thinking?
Think Thinking

Involves control.
Uncontrolled Minds movement
Mental activity become thinking
Cognitive and when we direct
them.
behavior process
Thinking is any mental activity that
helps formulate or solve a problem,
make a decision, or fulfill a desire
to understand.

It is a searching for answers, a

reaching for meaning (Ruggreio,
2012).
How about thinking
skills?
Costa (1985) in Philips
1999,
gives meaning to thinking skill
as a process by the mind as
the result of receiving stimulus
of the five senses. The
meaning of stimulus then
were seen in action.
Dewey (1933) in
Philips (1999)

is an effort of the
mind to examine
Butterworth &
and weight certain Thwaites (2005)
information
according to specific
thinking skill is a
criteria. critical thinking
and can be
argumentative
Thinking skills is
Cognitive processes in search of
meaning and understanding of
something, exploration on any
possible ideas, decision making,
problem solving and doing what is
right, thus in concerns on the
reflections of what has been-values
on the thinking
Why is thinking skills is
so important?
 Able to use and
outsource various
resources in a creative Able to create and
and specific way/s in build positive social
search of an answer bonding
of/or problem solver to
a certain problem.

To produce a self
Able to better
learning, self
communication (good
independence and
communication skills).
informative individual.
 Obstacles in developing
thinking skills
Gunung Kinabalu affect
Knowledge only on what has been taught.
Not showing neither abilities nor skills in
search of any new knowledge and
additional skills within subject matters
Spoon feed teaching-
Everything was prepared for. Not willingly
to be self independence learning. Hoping
everything to be provided by the instructor.
Thinking trap!
 Model Kemahiran Berfikir

Use of thinking skills in order to solve problem.

Positive
Analytical problem/cases Analyze Find solution
and solve
(Reactive based) (Information + techniques)
Negative
CREATIVITY
Think Out of t
he Box

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Jenis-jenis pemikiran
Type/Styles of thinking
Pemikiran logik
Logical thinking
Derived from the Greek word " Logos " which means pronunciation
( utterance ) ,
statement ( statement ) , thinking ( thought ) and thinking mind
( reason) the reasons. How to learn and principles - principles that are
used to differentiate between right and wrong any arguments
( reasoning ) . Thinking logically is the way a person sees something
and effort to identify what is wrong and what is right according to his
logic. How to generate information from a situation , the information
to be generated is a correct and sensible . ( Thinking Course, Edward
de Bono )

Pemikiran kritikal
Critical thinking
CRITICAL word is derived from the English word is ' CRITIC ' word '
CRITICAL ' is the Greekword ' KRITHS ' ( kritikos ) which means
weighing the ( judge ) . Also consider means to evaluate , distinguish ,
provoke and question whether something is right or wrong . Critical
Thinking / Critical thinking is defined as the use of the basic
operations to analyze, interpret and assess the depth 12of a argument .
 Pemikiran kreatif
Creative thinking
Creative skills mean efficiency or the ability to use the mind to explore various possibilities ,
creating something new , original , unusual and worth either be realized , abstract , or
ideas. Creative thinking skills is the ability of someone to produce and create new ideas
and has its own originality . The result is a creative idea that inspired his own idea results
of the individual or the result of a combination of an existing idea

Pemikiran analitikal
Analytical thinking
analytical thinking is a thinking skills and at the same time provides an analysis of an incident
( statements , thinking , writing , and as his report ) and the cause of a situation or
problem

Pemikiran reaktif dan Pemikiran proaktif

Reactive thinking and Proactive thinking
Reactive means in response to something happening . Something happened to cause human
disturbed and perform the reaction . The reaction tends to be spontaneous without deep
thought and study . Reactive attitude often associated with a person 's emotional state .

Proactive thinking is a positive thinking skills that involve careful planning and rigorous so it
would look . Proactive thinking not only in response to a problem faced but considers how
a problem can be resolved and the solutions sought. A problem is not only seen as a
problem , he studied and researched its reasons , sought a way out and given alternatives.
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Pemikiran berhipotesis
Hypothetical thinking
The hypothesis is a reasonable forecast . The hypothesis has a major role
in the development of science . Similarly, the ` possibility , ' he played a
similar role in the development of science . The most important driving
forces in the development of science is the ability of scientists to create a
hypothesis for the hypothesis and look at the possibilities for the possibility
.
Pemikiran projektif
Projective thinking
Projective thinking skills essential for avoiding multiple decisions and
actions now presumed correct at the time but later proved to be false . For
me , explain what it is projective thinking , say, at some point your pinky
toe transformed into a second , as a result , every hand has two thumbs .
In projective unthinkable things that will occur as a result of these changes
Pemikiran konstruktif
Constructive thinking
Constructive thoughts , or build , marked by efforts to rectify any weaknesses
found in an idea. This style is used after a person 's critical thinking and negative .
Style negative allows the mind to see bad things , loss , danger , risk and problems.
Critical Style allows the mind to see the weaknesses , shortcomings , mistakes ,
errors .
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Pemikiran positif
Positive thinking is characterized by the ability to see the
good , uses, advantages and benefits of anything . The goal
of positive thinking is to see what is good , useful ,
beneficial , advantageous , who will benefit, why it will be
successful , why it will be implemented and many others .
Positive thinking
Pemikiran negatif
Negative thinking
Goals negative thoughts to see evil , danger , risk and
problems. Every thing , thing or event must have its
negative aspects , if not many , some certainly there. For
every good thing , of course there are disadvantages. If
there are aspects that can bring success , of course there
are other aspects that can lead to failure . Negative
thinking too had its uses and benefits . Negative thinking
can help a person avoid the danger , the risk 15and error .
 Pemikiran berlandaskan emosi
Emotive thinking
Emotive thinking is characterized by the use of a variety of
emotions , or feelings , as the basis of the opinion and decision
making . When thinking of using emotive thinking , one is using
various kinds of emotions , both positive emotions , even negative
emotions
Pemikiran konvergen dan divergen
Convergent and Divergent thinking
Convergent thinking is the kind of thinking that is taught in schools .
Here, when a person is given a problem to be solved , she trained
to look for his answer , using logic . The way a person thinks
should be structured so that she can find the answer.
Divergent thinking using the intuitive and very suitable for solving
the problems , ie, problems can be solved in many ways .
Divergent thinking to accept solutions that are novel , unusual and
puzzling ways besides a common solution . Therefore pe -
divergent thinking suitable for use in situations where there is no