5.

3) Medicine
- A SUBSTANCE USED TO PREVENT OR CURE DISEASES OR TO REDUCE
PAIN AND SUFFERING DUE TO ILLNESSES.
- THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MEDICINE :
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE.
( I ) TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE ARE MEDICINE DERIVED FROM NATURAL
SOURCES SUCH AS PLANTS AND ANIMALS WITHOUT BEING PROCESSED
CHEMICALLY.
( II ) MODERN MEDICINE
MODERN MEDICINE ARE MEDICINE THAT ARE MADE BY SCIENTISTS IN
LABORATORIES WHICH ARE BASED ON SUBSTANCES FOUND IN NATURE.
MODERN MEDICINE CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS :
( A ) ANALGESICS
( B ) ANTIBIOTICS
( C ) PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS
 Plant Part of the plant used Uses
- For preventing flu or
Garlic Corm asthma attacks
- For reducing high blood
pressure
- Treating itchy skin
Aloe vera Leaves - For treating burns
( scalding ) on
the skin

- For treating stomach

Ginger Rhizome ( horizontal pain due to wind in the
underground stem ) stomach
- For supplying heat
energy to keep the
body warm
- For preventing flu
attack
- For treating boils or
Lemon ( Lime ) Fruits abscesses on the skin
- For preventing flu
attack
- For treating skin
 Plant Part of the plant used Uses
- For treating malaria
Quinine Bark of Cinchona tree - For preventing muscle
cramps

Roots - As a tonic to improve

the overall health of
human beings
Ginseng - For the increasing
energy, endurance and
reducing fatigue

Stem / Leaves - Has antibacterial and

Lemon grass antifungal properties
- For treating coughs
Side effects of Traditional
Medicine

1. Taking high doses of Quinine may cause hearing loss.

2. Medical plant containing alkaloid is potentially toxic to liver.
3. Some of it interacts with medications resulting in serious side
reactions.
Analgesic
s Analgesics are medicine that relieve pain and sometimes are
1.
called as Painkillers.
2. Analgesics relieve pain but do not cure the disease.

Type of analgesic Chemical aspect Function

Codeine Codeine is an organic - Used to relieve minor to
compound that contains moderate pain.
the elements carbon, - More powerful than
hydrogen, oxygen and Aspirin and Paracetamol
nitrogen. but less powerful than
Morphine. Codeine and
Morphine are Narcotic
drugs.
- Used in cough mixtures
for suppressing cough.
 Type of analgesic Chemical aspect Function
Aspirin ( Acetyl Salicylic -Functional groups : a Relief pain and has anti-
Acid) carboxylic acid group and inflammatory action
an ester group. Used to :
- Acidic in nature. - Reduce fever
- Relieve headaches,
muscle aches and joint
aches
- Treat arthritis, a disease
caused by inflammation
of the joints
- Act as an anticoagulant.
It prevents the clotting
of blood and reduce the
risk of heart attacks and
strokes
Paracetamol - Neutral in nature. - Similar to aspirin but
does not reduce
inflammation
- Reduces of relieves flu
symptoms such as fever,
bone aches and runny
nose.
Antibiotics
Chemicals that destroy or prevent the growth of infectious
microorganisms.
Used to treat disease cause by bacteria and are not effective
against viral infections.

Antibiotics Uses
Penicillin ( Derived Treat diseases cause
from mould by bacteria such as
Penicillium Pneumonia,
chrysogenum ) Gonorrhea, Syphilis
and Tuberculosis
Treat Tuberculosis,
Streptomycin whooping cough and
some form of
Pneumonia.
Psychotherapeutic Medicine
Used to alter abnormal thinking, feeling or behaviors in people
with mental illness.
Do not cure mental illness, but reduces the symptoms and help a
person to get on with life.
There are 3 types of Psychotherapeutic medicine :
( I ) Stimulants
( II ) Antidepressants
( III ) Antipsychotic medicine
 Type of
psychotherapeutic drug
Stimulants ( These are
drugs that stimulate and or
excite the activity of the
brain and the central
nervous system )
Antidepressants ( These
are drugs to increase the
brains level of
neurotransmitters and thus
improve mood )
Antipsychotic
Functions Examples
To maintain or increase Caffeine (Found in coffee,
alertness tea, soft drinks. It is a
To elevate mood weak, naturally occurring
To counteract normal stimulant)
fatigue
Amphetamine ( Strong
synthetic stimulant to
increases heart and
respiration rates )
To alleviate depression Tranquillizer
To relieve anxiety or Barbiturate
tension ( Substances that depress
To make a person feel the central nervous system
sleepy and cause drowsiness )
To treat mental illness Lithium Carbonate
such as Schizophrenia (Li2CO3)
Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol
Side effects of Modern
Medicine
Type of
modern drugs
Side effects

Aspirin Can cause bleeding in stomach because of acidity

Can cause allergic reactions, skin rashes and asthmatic attacks
People who overdose will always be excited and talkative
Psychologically addictive and can cause heart attack
Amphetamine Can cause anxiety, sleeplessness, aggressive behavior and
decrease appetite
Can cause enlargement of pupils, heavy respirations, and
trembling hands

Codeine Can cause addiction

Penicillin Can cause allergic reaction
Can cause death to people who are allergic to it
Streptomycin Can cause nausea, vomiting, dizziness, rashes and fever
Can cause loss of hearing following long-term use
Stimulants Can cause addiction
Antidepressan Can cause addiction
ts Can cause headaches, grogginess and loss of appetite
Type of modern Side effects
drugs
Can cause dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention,
Antipsychotic constipation
drugs Can cause tremor and restlessness
Sedation ( Making people calmer or sleepy )
The End