STAPHYLOCOCCUS &

STREPTOCOCCUS
Characteristi STAPHYLOCOCCUS STREPTOCOCCUS
cs
Appearance Gram +ve cocci, grape like Gram +ve cocci,
clusters. arranged in chains.

Classification STREPTOCOCCI
Types Staph Staph
aureus/ epiderm O2 Req
Staph is/Staph Aerobic/Fac.
pyogen albus Obligate anaerobe
es anaerobe
Zone of
Coagul + ve - ve
haemolysis
ase
Mannit fermenti Non Alpha Beta
ol ng fermenti Gamma
ng
toxin produce Do not, serological CHO
non ag on
pathogen cellwall
ic 19 lancefield groups (A
U)
colonie Golden white Group A Haemolytic
s yellow
Characteris Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes
tics
Morpholog G +ve, grape like cluster, G +ve, longer chains, non
y non motile, non spore, non motile, non spore, Group C
capsulated, Young - capsule hyaluronic acid, B
capsulated & D - polysaccharides
Cultural O2 requirement aerobe/ O2 requirement aerobe/
Characteris facultative anaerobe facultative anaerobe
tics Temperature - 10 C - 42 C Temperature - 22 C - 42 C
/opt - 37 C /opt - 37 C
PH 7.4 7.6 PH 7.0 7.2
Large, opaque, convex, Small, circular, semi
Nutrient golden yellow pigment transparent
agar Lactose fermenter pink
colonies Lactose fermenter pink
Mac.conkey Haemolytic colonies colonies
agar Selective media pink Haemolytic colonies
Blood agar colonies --------------
Mannitol salt
agar, Milk
salt agar,
Ludlums Uniform turbidity Granular turbidity
media powdery deposit, No
Nutrient pellicle.
Characterist Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes
ics
Biochemical
test
IMViC -++- -
Sugar acid & gas Only acid
fermented +ve - ve
Catalase,
Coagulase,ur
ease,
nitrate,phosp liquify Do not liquify
hatase

Gelatin
Resistance More resistant among non sensitive to heat, destroyed
spore formers at 54C for 30 min
Viable on dried throats for Resistant Crystal
3-6 months violet(1mg/L)
Thermal death point - 62C
30 min
1% phenol:1% mercury per
chloride
Lethal crystal violet
1/500,000 conc
 Characteristics Staphylococcus Streptococcus
aureus pyogenes

Antigenicity
Capsular ag Inhibit phagocytosis Inhibit phagocytosis,
Not ag in human
Peptidoglycan Production of IL-1, Lipoteichoic acid,
attract PMN cells- Group specific
Schwartzmann carbohydrate
Teichoic acid phenomenon

Protein A Acute endocarditis M-protein virulence

factor - phagocytosis
Clumping factor Co agglutination T & R protein M
assosciated
Slide coagulase test protein(MAP)
Pili/Ag- cross reaction
rheumatic fever.
Toxins / virulence Hemolysins
factors hemo
Cytolytic
lysin O
Toxin Enterotoxin S
 Characteristics Staphylococcus Streptococcus
aureus pyogenes

Toxins / virulence Cytolytic toxin Erythrogenic toxin

factors Hemolysin :- , , , 4 types
toxin : A-D
Important in Produce erythematous
pathogenicity reaction
60 C inactivated Scarlet fever acute
Injury to renal cortex, pharyngitis,
muscle tissue. erythematous rash
lysin: Hot cold DICK test Dick
phenomenon. toxin/streptococcal
Lysis initiated at 37 C pyogenic exotoxin
evident on chilling Streptokinase
Leucocidin :- S & F act (fibrinolysin)
on WBC Activates plasminogen
Enterotoxin :- A,B,C1, lysis of human fibrin
C2 , D & E clots & spread.
Staphylococcal food Used to cure coronary
poisoning, artery venous
Nausea, vomitting & thrombosis.
diarrhea Deoxyribonuclease
Type F: Toxic shock (streptodornase)
syndrome(TSS) Depolymerise DNA,
 Characteristics Staphylococcus Streptococcus
aureus pyogenes

Pathogenicity Acute pyogenic lesions Respiratory tract

Cutaneous deep infections
infection Sore throat
Acute toxaemia tonsillitus, pharyngitis
Toxic shock syndrome Suppurative
Cutaneous infection: complications
Furuncles painful Otitis media:
nodule mastoiditis, andenitis.
Styes- localized Skin &
purulent inflammation subcutaneous
of eyelid infection
Boils abscess Wound & burn infection
Carbuncles- necrotising Lymphangitis &
infection of skin, cellulitis
cluster of furuncles. Erysipelas & impetigo
Impetigo Pyodema streptolysin
blister(serous fluid) O
pemphigus Genital infection
neonatarum Female genitalia-
Deep infection normal inhabitants-
Acute osteomyelitis purperal sepsis
Characteristic Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus
s pyogenes

Pathogenicity Toxaemia: food poisoning Non suppurative

Enterotoxin : vomiting/ complications
diarrhoea after 6 hrs Acute rheumatic fever
Exfoliative lesion: stripping Acute glomerulonephritis
of superficial skin layer
Toxic shock syndrome
Enterotoxin F
Multisystem illness high
fever, hypotension,
vomiting, diarrhoea,
sclaratiniform rash ,
desquamation
Severe case renal failure,
disseminated intravascular
coagulation, peripheral
gangrene & death
 Characteristics Staphylococcus aureus
Epidemiology Primary parasite of human
& animals
Source: patients :
carrier(shedders)-hospitals
Carriage early stage in
life colonization in
umblical stump in hospital
borne babies
Hospital strains resistant to
antibiotics- Epidemic
strains
Lab diagnosis
Specimen
Gram staining Nasal swab, blood, pus,
culturing contaminated food,
suspected article
Streptococcus
pyogenes
Cause infection in
throat- nasopharynx
Transmission : direct
contact fomites
Contaminated dust
Source bovine
mastitis milk
humans
Respiratory tract
infection fragment in 5-
8 yrs old children
Outbreaks at winter -
crowding
Pus, blood, throat,
genital swabs
pikas medium(blood
 Characteristics Staphylococcus Streptococcus
aureus pyogenes

Biochemicals IMViC IMViC

Toxin ASO (antistreptolysin -
O) titering: 200 units
chronic infection
Serology Antistaphylolysin test/ Phage typing slide
bacteriophage typing precipitation/
agglutination
Rapid diagnosis kit
ABST test streptococci
group A ag
Treatment Benzyl penicillin
effective
Methicillin & cloxacillin Penicillin G,
effective against erythromycin,
penicillinase producing cephalexin
strain.mild infection -
bacitracin