Reproduction and Embryonic Development

REPRODUCTION AND
EMBRYONIC
DEVELOPMENT
REPRODUCTION AND
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION ARE
BOTH COMMON AMONG ANIMALS
REPRODUCTION
THE CREATION OF NEW INDIVIDUALS FROM EXISITING
ONES
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
CREATION OF OFFSPRING WHOSE GENES ALL COME
FROM ONE PARENT WITHOUT THE FUSION OF EGG AND
SPERM
EXAMPLES INCLUDE
BUDDING
FISSION
FRAGMENTATION
ALWAYS
FOLLOWED BY
REGENERATION
REPRODUCTION AND
SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
ARE BOTH COMMON AMONG ANIMALS
REPRODUCTION
THE CREATION OF NEW INDIVIDUALS FROM
EXISTING ONES
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
THE CREATION OF OFFSPRING BY THE FUSION
OF TWO HAPLOID SEX CELLS
GAMETES
SPERM VS OVUM (EGG)
ZYGOTE
REPRODUCTION AND
HERMAPHRODITISIM
ORGANISM HAS BOTH
MALE AND FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
AIDS NON-MOBILE AND
SOLITARY ORGANISMS;
HELPS IN FINDING
MATES
REPRODUCTION AND
EXTERNAL VS INTERNAL
FERTILIZATION
EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION
FUSION OF GAMETES OUTSIDE OF THE BODY
REPRODUCTION AND
EXTERNAL VS INTERNAL
FERTILIZATION
INTERNAL FERTILIZATION
FUSION OF GAMETES INSIDE OF BODY
COPULATION
SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
REPRODUCTION AND
REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY OF THE H
UMAN FEMALE
REPRODUCTION AND
UMAN FEMALE
REPRODUCTION AND
REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN FE
MALE
OVARIES
EACH ABOUT AN INCH LONG, WITH A BUMP SURFACE
SITE OF EGG PRODUCTION
FOLLICLES
CONSIST OF SINGLE DEVELOPING EGG CELL
SURROUNDED BY ONE OR MORE LAYERS OF FOLLICE
CELLS THAT NOURISH AND PROTECT THE DEVELOPING
EGG CELL
FOLLICE CELLS PRODUCE ESTROGEN
A WOMAN IS BORN WITH 40,000 400,000 FOLLICES;
ONLY SEVERAL HUNDRED GET RELEASED
OVULATION
PROCESS THAT EJECTS THE EGG CELL FROM THE
FOLLICE; OCCURS ABOUT EVERY 28 DAYS
REPRODUCTION AND
UMAN FEMALE
CORPUS LUTEUM
FORMS AFTER OVULATION, REMAING
FOLLICULAR TISSUE GROWS WITHIN OVARY
TO FORM A SOLID MASS
SECRETES PROGESTERONE; HORMONE THAT
HELPS MAINTAIN UTERINE LINING
IF EGG IS NOT FERTILIZED, CORPUS LUTEUM
DEGENERATES
REPRODUCTION AND
UMAN FEMALE
OVIDUCT (A.K.A. FALLOPIAN TUBE)
LEADS THE EGG TO THE UTERUS
THIS IS WHERE FERTILIZATION
ACTUALLY OCCURS
UTERUS (A.K.A. WOMB)
ACTUAL SITE OF PREGNANCY; ONLY ABOUT
3 INCHES IN A WOMAN WHO HAS NEVER
BEEN PREGNANT BUT CAN EXPAND
REPRODUCTION AND
UMAN FEMALE
UTERUS
ENDOMETRIUM
INNER LINING OF THE UTERUS; EMBRYO GETS
IMPLANTED HERE
EMBRYO
TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ZYGOTE (FERTLIZED
EGG) UNTIL BODY STRUCTURES BEGIN TO APPEAR
(ABOUT 9 WEEKS)
FETUS
TERM GIVEN TO DEVELOPING OFFSPRING FROM
9TH WEEK UNTIL BIRTH
REPRODUCTION AND
REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY OF THE HUM
AN FEMALE
ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
EMBRYO IMPLANTS IN THE WRONG PLACE;
SOMEWHERE OTHER THAN THE UTERUS; CAN BE
FATAL IF NOT TREATED
CERVIX
NECK OF THE UTERUS; OPENS TO THE VAGINA
VAGINA
THIN WALLED, BUT STRONG, MUSCULAR
CHAMBER THAT SERVES AS THE BIRTH CANAL
THROUGH WHICH THE BABY IS EXPELLED
REPRODUCTION AND
REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN
FEMALE
VAGINA
ALSO ACCOMDATES MALES PENIS AND IS REPOSITORY
FOR SPERM DURING COPULATION
LABIA MINORA AND LABIA MAJORA
PROTECT THE GENITAL REGION
HYMEN
THIN MEMBRANE
COVERING THE VAGINAL
OPENING; FUNCTION NOT
KNOWN
BARTHOLINS GLAND
NEAR VAGINAL OPENING;
SECRETES LUBRICATING FLUID
DURING SEXUAL AROUSAL,
AS DOES THE VAGINAL LINING
REPRODUCTION AND
REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY OF THE
HUMAN FEMALE
SEVERAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
VAGINA
LABIA MINORA
CLITORIS SOLE FUNCTION IS SEXUAL
AROUSAL
GLANS
ENORMOUS
NUMBER OF
NERVE ENDINGS
PREPUCE
REPRODUCTION AND
MALE
TESTES
SCROTUM
EPIDIDYMIS
VAS DEFERENS
EJACULATORY DUCT
SEMINAL VESICLE
PROSTATE GLAND
BULBOURETHRAL GLAND
SEMEN
PENIS
REPRODUCTION AND
HUMAN MALE
REPRODUCTION AND
MALE
TESTES
MALE GONADS; HOUSED INSIDE THE ABDOMINAL
CAVITY
SCROTUM
SAC THAT HOUSES THE TESTES; MAINTAINS CURRENT
BODY TEMPERATURE FOR SPERM PRODUCTION
EPIDIDYMIS
COILED TUBE THAT STORES SPERM WHILE THEY
DEVELOP
REPRODUCTION AND
HUMAN MALE
VAS DEFERENS
DUCT THAT GOES FROM EPIDIDYMIS TO
EJACULATORY DUCT
EJACTULATORY DUCT
FUSION OF 2 VAS DEFERENS AND DUCT FROM
SEMINAL VESICLE
EJACULATION
EXPULSION OF SPERM-CONTAINING FLUID OUT OF
PENIS, THIS IS WHEN SPERM LEAVE THE EPIDIDYMIS
REPRODUCTION AND
MALE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM HAS 3 SETS OF
GLANDS
SEMINAL VESICLE
SECRETE A THICK, CLEAR FLUID THAT PROTECTS AND
NOURISHES THE SPERM
PROSTATE GLAND
MILKY/ALKALINE FLUID; PROTECTION AGAIN TRACES OF
URINE IN URETHRA AND ACIDITY OF VAGINA
BULBOURETHRAL GLAND
HELPS LUBRICATE THE URETHRA
REPRODUCTION AND
MALE
SEMEN
SPERM AND GLANDULAR SECRETIONS MAKE THIS
FLUID THAT IS DISCHARGED DURING ORGASM
95% GLANDULAR FLUID; 5% SPERM (200 500
MILLION)
PENIS
CONSISTS MAINLY OF TISSUE THAT CAN FILL WITH
BLOOD TO CAUSE AN ERECTION DURING SEXUAL
AROUSAL; MAKING INSERTION INTO VAGINA
POSSIBLE, ALONG WITH TRANSFER OF SPERM
REPRODUCTION AND
HUMAN MALE
PENIS
GLANS
HEAD; MANY NERVE ENDINGS, VERY SENSITIVE
PREPUCE
COVERS HEAD; REMOVED DURING
CIRCUMCISION
REPRODUCTION AND
HUMAN MALE
EJACULATION OCCURS IN 2 STAGES
SPERM AND SEMINAL FLUID ARE FORCED
TOWARDS URETHRA REGION; BLADDER
SPINCHTER SHUTS TO PREVENT URINE FROM
ENTERING
EXPULSION STAGE OCCURS WHEN URETHRA
REGION CONTRACTS AND FORCES SEMEN
ALONG PENIS; THAN MUSCLES IN PENIS
CONTRACT AND EXPEL SEMEN OUT OF BODY
REPRODUCTION AND
THE FORMATION OF SPERM AND OVA
REQUIRES MEIOSIS
SPERMATOGENESIS
THE FORMATION OF SPERM CELLS
TAKES ABOUT 65-75 DAYS
IN THE HUMAN MALE
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
COILED TUBES IN
THE TESTES WHERE
SPERM DEVELOP
PRIMARY VS.
SECONDARY
SPERMATOCYTES
REPRODUCTION AND
THE FORMATION OF SPERM AND OVA
REQUIRES MEIOSIS
OOGENESIS
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OVUM
PRIMARY OOCYTE
DORMANT DIPLOID CELL IN THE
FOLLICLE
FSH STIMULATES MEIOSIS
SECONDARY OOCYTE
THE HAPLOID CELL; UNEQUAL DIVISION OF CYTOPLASM
1 OVUM (MOST OF CYTOPLASM); 1 POLAR BODY (ALMOST
NO CYTOPLASM)
REPRODUCTION AND
HORMONES SYNCHRONIZE CYCLICAL
CHANGES IN THE OVARY AND
UTERUS
OVARIAN CYCLE
EVENTS THAT OCCUR ABOUT EVERY 28 DAYS
IN THE HUMAN OVARY
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
RELATED EVENTS IN THE UTERUS;
CONTROLLED BY HORMONES
REPRODUCTION AND
HORMONES SYNCHRONIZE
CYCLICAL CHANGES IN THE
OVARY AND UTERUS
AN OVERVIEW OF THE
OVARIAN AND MENSTRUAL
CYCLES
OVARIAN CYCLE HAS TWO
PHASES
PRE-OVULATORY PHASE
FOLLICLE GROWING
POST-OVULATORY PHASE
FORM CORPUS LUTEUM
REPRODUCTION AND
OVARY AND UTERUS
AN OVERVIEW OF THE
OVARIAN AND MENSTRUAL
CYCLES
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
MENSTRUATION
UTERINE BLEEDING (3 5
DAYS)
AFTER MENSTRUATION, THE
ENDOMETRIUM REGROWS
REPRODUCTION AND
OVARY AND UTERUS
HORMONAL EVENTS BEFORE
OVULATION
FSH AND LH ARE RELEASED;
ESTROGEN LEVEL SLOWLY
BUILDS UP UNTIL IT HITS ITS
PEAK (OVULATION)
REPRODUCTION AND
OVARY AND UTERUS
HORMONAL EVENTS AT
OVULATION AND AFTER
LH PEAKS, CAUSING
OVULATION
CAUSE HIGH LEVELS OF
ESTROGEN AND
PROGESTERONE WHICH
INHIBIT FSH AND LH
PRODUCTION
REPRODUCTION AND
OVARY AND UTERUS
CONTROL OF THE
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
CONTROLLED ONLY BY
ESTROGEN AND
PROGESTERONE
REPRODUCTION AND
THE HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE OCCURS IN
FOUR PHASES
EXCITEMENT PHASE
PLATEAU PHASE
INCREASED BREATHING AND HEART RATE
ORGASM
RHYTHMIC CONTRACTIOSN OF REPRODUCTIVE
STRUCTURES
RESOLUTION PHASE
REVERSES THE PREVIOUS RESPONSES; RETURN TO
NORMAL
REPRODUCTION AND
SEXUAL ACTIVITY CAN TRANSMIT
DISEASE
SEXUALLY TRANSMISSABLE DISEASES
(STDs)
CONTAGIOUS DISEASE SPREAD BY SEXUAL
CONTACT
REPRODUCTION AND
CONTRACEPTION PREVENTS
UNWANTED PREGNANCY
REPRODUCTION AND
CONTRACEPTION PREVENTS UNWANTED
PREGNANCY
CONTRACEPTION
THE DELIBERATE PREVENTION OF PREGNANCY
3 WAYS
PREVENTING RELEASE OF GAMES FROM GONADS
PREVENTING FERTILIZATION
PREVENTING THE EMBRYO FROM IMPLANTING IN THE
UTERUS
STERILIZATION
VASECTOMY VAS DEFERENS ARE CUT
TUBAL LIGATION OVIDUCT IS CUT
REPRODUCTION AND
CONTRACEPTION PREVENTS
UNWANTED PREGNANCY
CONTRACEPTION
THE DELIBERATE PREVENTION OF
PREGNANCY
RHYTHYM METHOD
WITHDRAWAL
SPERMICIDES
INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUDs)
MORNING AFTER PILLS (MAPs)
REPRODUCTION AND
FERTILIZATION RESULTS IN A ZYGOTE
AND TRIGGERS EMBRYONIC
DEVELOPMENT
FERTILIZATION
THE UNION OF SPERM AND EGG TO FORM A
DIPLOID ZYGOTE
PROPERTIES OF SPERM CELLS
ACROSOME
NECK
FLAGELLUM
REPRODUCTION AND
THE PROCESS OF FERTILIZATION
THE SPERM APPROACHES THE EGG
THE SPERMS ACROSOMAL ENZYMES DIGEST THE
EGGS JELLY COAT
PROTEINS ON THE SPERM HEAD BIND TO EGG
RECEPTORS
THE PLASMA MEMBRANES OF SPERM AND EGG
FUSE
THE SPERM NUCLEUS ENTERS THE EGG
CYTOPLASM
A FERTILIZATION ENVELOPE FORMS
REPRODUCTION AND
THE PROCESS OF FERTILIZATION
REPRODUCTION AND
CLEAVAGE PRODUCES A BALL OF
CELLS FROM THE ZYGOTE
CLEAVAGE
RAPID SUCCESSION OF CELL DIVISIONS THAT
PRODUCES A BALL OF CELLS A
MULTICELLULAR EMBRYO FROM THE
ZYGOTE
REPRODUCTION AND
CLEAVAGE PRODUCES A BALL OF
CELLS FROM THE ZYGOTE
BLASTOCOEL
FLUID-FILLED CAVITY IN THE
CENTER OF THE EMBRYO
BLASTULA
HOLLOW BALL OF CELLS THAT
RESULTS WHEN CLEAVAGE IS
FINISHED
REPRODUCTION AND
GASTRULATION PRODUCES A THREE-
LAYERED EMBRYO
GASTRULATION
SECOND MAJOR
PHASE OF EMBRYONIC
DEVELOPMENT; ADDS MORE
CELLS TO THE EMBRYO; SORTS
THE CELLS INTO DISTINCT CELL
LAYERS
REPRODUCTION AND
GASTRULATION PRODUCES A THREE-
LAYERED EMBRYO
GASTRULA
THREE-LAYERED STAGE OF THE EMBRYO
THREE LAYERS ARE LABELED
ECTODERM
ENDODERM
MESODERM
REPRODUCTION AND
GASTRULA LAYERS DEVELOP INTO
REPRODUCTION AND
ORGANS START TO FORM AFTER
GASTRULATION
NOTOCHORD
NEURAL TUBE
SOMITES
COELOM
REPRODUCTION AND
CHANGES IN CELL SHAPE, CELL
MIGRATION, AND PROGRAMMED CELL
DEATH GIVE FORM TO THE
DEVELOPING ANIMAL
PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH =
APOPTOSIS
TIMELY, TIDY SUICIDE OF CELLS
NECESSARY TO CREATE SPACE BETWEEN
FINGERS AND TOES
REPRODUCTION AND
THE EMBRYO AND PLACENTA TAKE SHAPE
DURING THE FIRST MONTH OF PREGNANCY
GESTATION
PREGNANCY; THE CARRYING OF DEVELOPING YOUNG
WITHIN THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
AN OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT EVENTS
BLASTOCYST MAMMALIAN EQUIVALENT OF A
BLASTULA
TROPHOBLAST OUTER LAYER THAT ALLOWS
UTERINE IMPLANTATION
PLACENTA COMBINATION OF TROPHOBLAST AND
MATERNAL CELLS
REPRODUCTION AND
AN OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT EVENTS
REPRODUCTION AND
EXTRAEMBRYONIC MEMBRANES
AMNION PROTECTIVE FLUID
YOLK SAC NO YOLK IN HUMANS, BUT SAME
NAME; NOURISHMENT FOR NON-PLACENTALS
CHORION BECOME EMBRYOS PART OF
PLACENTA
RELEASES HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (HCG)
CAUSES CORPUS LUTERUM TO STAY; PREVENTS
MENSTRUATION
ALLANTOIS FUNCTIONS IN WASTE DISPOSAL;
WILL BECOME THE UMBILICAL CORD
REPRODUCTION AND
EXTRAEMBRYONIC MEMBRANES
REPRODUCTION AND
THE PLACENTA
CHORIONIC VILLI CONTAIN EMBRYONIC
BLOOD VESSELS
NEAR MATERNAL BLOOD; NO DIRECT
MIXTURE OF BLOOD
NUTRIENTS, GASES, WASTE PRODUCES ARE
PASSED THROUGH THE PLACENTA
DRUGS, ALCOHOL, VIRUSES CAN PASS
THROUGH
ANTIBODIES CAN PASS THROUGH
REPRODUCTION AND
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT FROM
CONCEPTION TO BIRTH IS DIVIDED
INTO THREE TRIMESTERS
TRIMESTERS ABOUT 3 MONTH
SEGMENTS
REPRODUCTION AND
CHILDBIRTH IS HORMONALLY
INDUCED AND OCCURS IN THREE
STAGES
LABOR
SERIES OF STRONG, RHYTHMIC
CONTRACTIONS OF THE UTERUS
3 STAGES
DILATION OF CERVIX
EXPULSION; DELIVERY OF INFANT
DELIVERY OF PLACENTA
REPRODUCTION AND
CHILDBIRTH IS HORMONALLY INDUCED
AND OCCURS IN THREE STAGES
CONTROLLED BY
OXYTOCIN AND
PROSTAGLANDINS
AFTER BIRTH,
PROLACTIN
INCREASES MILK
PRODUCTION OF
MAMMARY GLANDS
REPRODUCTION AND
REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY
INCREASES OUR REPRODUCTIVE
SUCCESS
ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY
(ART)
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF)
THE MOST COMMON ART
EGGS ARE REMOVED AND MIXED WITH SPERM IN
CULTURE DISHES, THEN CAREFULLY REPLACED
INTO MOTHERS UTERUS
REPRODUCTION AND
NO TIME FOR FUNNY JOKESWE
HAVE TO RACE TO THE FINISH!!!!
NERVOUS SYSTEM NEXT!!!

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

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