CHAPTER 5:

GLOBALISM: THE
ALTERNATIVE ORIENTATION
How many countries are you
wearing?
In teams check all items you have
with you and check where they are
coming from.
Sum the amount of different
countries of each team member.
The team that has the more variety
of countries will get a prize!

Good luck!
How many countries are you
wearing?
How many?
How many from:
North America
Latin America
Europe
Asia
Africa

Which is the most repeated place? why do

you think it is?
What is Globalization for
you?
What is Transnationalism? Do you feel
a stronger connection with a group
beyond your nationality?
Globalism

Seeks to describe and explain the

network of connections to span
multi-continental distances. It
attempts to understand all the inter-
connection of the modern world.
Globalization

Isa process of interaction and

integration among the people,
companies and governments of
different nations, driven by
international trade and investment.
This process affects environment,
culture, economic development.
Economic Globalization
International Trade expanded within
the last years exponentially
Exports from $53 billion in 1948 to $14.500 billion in 2006

Trade can be devided into two parts:

Merchandise trade service trade

- Is made up of tangible - Are a mayor
items: source of income
- Primary goods (raw for countries
material) - More than 20 % of
- Manufactured goods all international
trade
Several factors
increased trade
1. Improved production technology
2. Increased demand for raw material
and synthetic resources to supply
factories
3. Materialsm
4. Improved transportation
5. Goverment policy
International Investment
A globalization of international investment
has created increased financial
interdependence among countries
Example: America had $ 10 trillion in
investment, property, stock, bonds, and
other assets abroad in 2006
making the entire US economy dependent to
some degree on the state of the world
economy
In converse: foreigners had a $12.7 trillion
stake in the US
Two types of foreign assets

Foreign direct Foreign portfolio

investment (FDI)
- Involves buying real
estate
- Setting up a new
company
- Buying enough stock
to control an existing
company in another
country
investment (FPI)
- Buying stocks and bonds
on a smaller scale that
does not involve
controlling companies or
owning real estate

Because of involved
ownership control FDI
isSuch
moreinvestments
important ofhave long existed but have
accelerated
the two mayor greatly
types in
of recent decades
investment
Monetary Exchange
Because of global increases in travel, trade,
investment and other activities a larger
amount of money is exchanged across
national borders

$ 2.5 trillion worth of currencies are

exchanged daily into other currencies

Thatis why there has been a parallel

globalization of financial services, e.g.
banking
Cultural Globalization
As a result of cultural mergence different
languages, customs and other diverse aspects of
world cultures are more known by men
Reasons are an improved transportation and
communication
Have brought people of various societies into
more frequent contact
Significant evidence of the blurring of cultural
differences: fast food, soccer, music, cloth,
activities
A great deal of becoming a world culture is
western, especially American -> Americanism
 Consumer
Language Products
One of the most important Another major factor
aspects of converging culture in closing cultural
is English gaps: a interchange of
Became the common
popular consumer
language of business,
goods
diplomacy, communications
Examples:
and even culture
Presidents of different Apple Products
countries and organizations Disneyland
can converse in English Hilton Hotels
Will continue to expand Starbucks
throughout the world American TV series
Hard Rock Caf
H&M, Hollister
Sports
Evaluating Globalization

Question:
Is Globalization
considerable as beneficial or
disadvantageous?
Economic Globalization
Pro arguments: Contra
1.Arguments:
Low wages in industrial
1. More prosperity countries
2. Fostering development of 2. Pollution
economy 3. Dumping prices on the
3. More cultural diversity in market
everyones everyday life 4. Cutthroat competition
4. More quality / cheap products - Big concerns often
available times receive a big
5. Information market share
- Can dictate
requirements to weak
trade partners
Transnationalism
Is
the process of
people working
together as individuals
and collectively in
private groups across
borders with other
individuals and groups
to accomplish a
common purpose and
provides alternatives
to nationalism as a
source of political
identity.
 Transnational Organization
Is a term used to refers to a international organization, usually nongovermental
organization.

The growth of NGOs The activities of

Between 1900 and 2005, theNGOs
number of this grew from 69Are organized
to over 11,400 interested groups that
operate singly or in
combination with one
another to promote
their causes.

The impact of NGOs

There are gaining
recognition as
legitimate actors and
are playing an
Regional
Transnationalism
The European Union is the best
example to explain the regional
transnationalism.
Cultural Transnationalism
It refers to various practices and
institutions that take part in the
formation of meanings, identities
and values, uniting all people.
Transnational Religion

Sometimes when a religion which is

a basis of spiritual identity becomes
a source of political identity among
its members.

When both identities become

intertwined, members of a religion
may take some political actions
Actions taken

1. Conform the laws and the foreign

policy of their country to their
religious values
2. Provide political support for the
causes of coreligionist in other
country.
Ex, Osama bin Laden was able to
recruit muslims from all over the
world.
Religion & World Politics

Religion is often a force of peace,

justice and humanitarian concerns
But also continues to be a factor for
many conflicts, political violence and
even bloody wars.
Division of Pakistan and India
Yugoslavia (catholics - muslims
orthodox)
Iraq (Sunni muslims Shiites muslims)
Fundamentalism
Person who holds conservative
religious values and wishes to
incorporate those values into
national law.
Primary political identity
with their religion, not
their nation-state.
Fundamentalist Conflicts
India Pakistan
Part of British India until 1947
Nuclear weapons 1998

Israel
Jerusalem
Will Israel shape according to Western or
Middle Eastern concept?
Islam
Monotheistic religion
Muhammad (ca. 570-632)
Islam submission
Musilm one who submits
Koran recitation
Jihad struggle

Over 1 billion Muslims worldwide

Political Heritage of Muslims
Shaped by 3 historical elements:
Triumphant beginning
Conflict with Christian powers
Domination of Muslims by others.

Nowadays Muslim countries identify more

strongly with their religion than their
country
*Religion above nationalism
Transnational
Movements
A wide range of transnational
movements focus on one or another
general aspect of the human
condition. They can even influence
peoples political identity.
Women in the World
Women worldwide have had and continue
to have fewer economic, political, and
social opportunities than men. Progress
has been made, but no country has yet to
achieve socioeconomic or political gender
equality.
Future of
Transnationalism
Itis impossible to predict how far
transnationalism will progress. It is
not inconceivable that a century
from now humans will share a
common culture and perhaps even a
common government.
Gracias por su Atencin :D