ROUTING

FUNDAMENTALS
ROUTING, FORWARDING,
AND DELIVERY OF PACKETS
PACKET ROUTING
It is the process of
moving packets across a
network from one host
to a another. It is usually
performed by dedicated
devices called routers.
PATH DETERMINATION
Itis the process that
determines which
output port the incoming
packet or frame is
diverted to.
STATIC ROUTE
A static route is a manually designed route on your
router. Static routes are usually employed in minor
networks.
Created manually by a network administrator.
There is no bandwidth usage between routers.
DYNAMIC ROUTE
Routes that a router learns by using a routing protocol
Dynamic Routing is achieved via Dynamic Routing
Protocols.
Different types of dynamic routing protocols:
-RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
-OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
-IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
-EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
PACKET FORWARDING
Packet forwardingis the relaying ofpacketsfrom one
network segment to another by nodes in a computer
network
Packetsare transferred between a source interface
and a destination interface, usually on two different
systems.
ROUTING TABLE
Arouting tableis a set of rules, often viewed
intableformat, that is used to determine where data
packets traveling over an Internet Protocol (IP)
network will be directed
The routing table stores information about IP
networks and how they can be reached (either
directly or indirectly).
COMMON FIELDS IN ROUTING
TABLE
Destination / Mask
Protocol Field
Preference Field
Cost Value
Next Hop Value
Interface Parameter
DIRECT DELIVERY
Direct deliveryoccurs when the IP node (either the sending
node or an IP router) forwards a packet to the final
destination on a directly attached network.
The IP node encapsulates the IP datagram in a frame format
for the Network Interface layer (such as Ethernet or Token
Ring) addressed to the destination's physical address.
INDIRECT DELIVERY
Indirect deliveryoccurs when the IP node (either the sending
node or an IP router) forwards a packet to an intermediate
node (an IP router) because the final destination is not on a
directly attached network.
The IP node encapsulates the IP datagram in a frame format,
addressed to the IP router's physical address, for the Network
Interface layer (such as Ethernet or Token Ring).
ROUTING PROTOCOLS
DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTING
PROTOCOLS
DVRP requires routing hardware to report the distances
of various nodes within a network or IP topology in order
to determine the best and most efficient routes for data
packets.
Routes are advertised as vectors of (distance, direction),
where distance is defined in terms of a metric and
direction is defined in terms of the next-hop router
ROUTING INFORMATION
PROTOCOL
The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) defines a way
forrouters, which connect networks using the Internet
Protocol (IP), to share information about how to route
traffic among networks.
RIP is a routing protocol which exchanges network
information between routers dynamically. It uses
broadcast to share routing information.
LINK STATE ROUTING PROTOCOLS
The basic concept of link-state routing is that every
node constructs amapof the connectivity to the
network, in the form of agraph, showing which
nodes are connected to which other nodes.
Performed by everyswitching nodein the network
OPEN SHORTEST PATH FIRST
OSPF finds the best network layout (topology) by
calculating shortest device connection paths using
the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm.