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CLASSIFICATION OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
BE Sem- 5 Heat Transfer (2191509)
PREPARED BY: GROUP NO. 17
130180119014 BHANA ABUBKAR S.
130180119064 PATEL JAYKUMAR N.
130180119066 PATEL KALPESHKUMAR H.
130180119067 PATEL KUNALKUMAR K.
130180119073 PATEL PARTHKUMAR N.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
DAHOD
HEAT EXCHANGER:
A Heat Exchanger may be defined as a Mechanical
device which transfer the heat from hot fluid to cold fluid, with
maximum rate, with minimum investment and with running cost.
Notable examples are:
a)Boilers, super heater and reheaters,
b)Radiators of automobiles,
c)Oil coolers of heat engine,
d)Evaporator and condensor of refrigeration system ,
e)Regenerator of gas turbine power plants,
f)Water and air coolers or heaters,
g)Several other industrial processes.
Classification of Heat Exchangers:
Many types of heat exchangers have been developed to meet the

widely varying applications which are classification based on :

Operating principle ( nature of heat exchanger process),

Relative direction of fluid motion,

Design and constructional features,

Physical state of fluid , etc.

A) According to operating principle heat transfer
process:
A1) Direct contact type heat exchanger:
In direct contact type or open
type of heat exchangers the heat
transfer take place between two
fluids by direct contact between
them.
There is simultaneous transfer of
heat and mass refer fig. 1
The rate of heat transfer is
maximum in such case.
The use of direct contact type heat
exchanger is limited to the situation
where mixing between the fluids is
either desirable or harmless.
A2) Non contact type of heat exchangers:
In indirect or non-contact type of heat exchanger ,the direct heat exchange
between two fluids is not possible as there is no direct contact between two fluids.
This type includes regenerators
And recoperators.
Regenerators: refer fig. no.2
Hot fluid is passed through a
Certain medium called matrix.
The hot fluids is passing through
One sides of matrix, stored in
Matrix and given to cold fluid by
Rotation of matrix from hot to
Cold fluid side.
Operation of regenerators is periodic and some mixing of two fluid is possible.
It gives quick response to load variation, minimum pressure losses and quite high
efficiency.
Recuperators : Refer fig. no. 3

In recuperator, the fluids flow simultaneously on either side of separating wall.

The heat transfer occurs between the fluids streams without physical contact or

mixing with each other.

It is suitable for stationary plants, having more area for heat transfer, cheaper in cost
and easy in construction.
But the rate of heat transfer is less and have cooling problems.
B1)Parallel flow/unidirectional flow:
In case of parallel floe heat exchanger,
both the fluids are flowing in the same
directions.
Fig.4 represented the variations in
temperature along the length of heat
exchanger.
Since this type of heat exchanger needs a
large area of heat transfer, therefore , it is
rarely used in practice.
As the two fluids are separated by a wall,
this type of heat exchanger may be called
parallel flow recuperator.
B2) Counter flow/ Counter current heat exchanger:
In case of counter flow heat
exchanger , both the fluids are
flowing in the opposite
directions.
directions
The arrangement and
temperatures variations along
the length of heat exchange for
such heat exchangers are shown
in fig.
B3)Cross flow heat exchanger:
Fig. shows schematic diagrams
of common arrangements of
cross flow heat exchangers,
both fluids are directed at right
angles to each others.
Fig.(a) represents the case in
which there is no
mixing of fluids streams which
is flowing over the tube(i.e.
example: automobile radiator).
Fig(b) represent the mixing of

fluid streams at one side (i.e. over

tubes) (Example : condensor of

refrigerating system , where air

stream will mix together and

refrigerent stream does not mix).

C) Mechanical design of heat exchanger surface
It is classified as given below:

1) Concentric tube type heat exchangers,

2) Shell and tube,

3) Multiple shell and tube passes,

4) Compact heat exchangers,

5) Finned tube type

C1)Concentric tube type heat exchangers:
Fig. represents concentric tube

type of heat exchanger.

These are also called tubular

heat exchangers or tube in tube

type of heat exchangers or

double pipe heat exchanger.

C2) Shell and tube type heat exchangers:

These are also called surface condensor.

In shell and tube type heat exchangers, one fluid with flow through shell and other
will flow through tube.
There is no direct contact between two fluids and the heat will transfer.
A typical exchanger is shown in fig.

Multiple shell and tube passes are used for enhancing the overall heat

transfer area.

Multiple type pass heat exchangers are those which re route the fluid

through tubes in opposite direction.

Examples are surface condensor in thermal power plants

C3) Compact heat exchangers
These are special type of heat exchangers in which heat transfer surface area

per unit volume is very large.

They are generally employed when convective heat transfer associated with

one of the fluids is much smaller than that of associated with the other fluids.

These are usually cross floe heat exchangers.

.
C4) FINNED TUBE TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS:
When very high rate of heat transfer is required, fins are placed on the

one side of heat exchanger which is called finned tube type of heat

exchangers.

The use of fins enhance heat transfer area and thereby heat exchanges.

These heat exchangers are in IC engine cylinder, Gas turbines,

refrigerators, electronics equipments, air conditioning systems etc.,

radiator of an automobiles is a example of said heat exchanger.

:
D1) Condensors:
In condensors, the temperature of hot fluid
remains same for the entire length of the heat
exchanger but the temperature of cold fluid
increases gradually along the length of heat
exchanger.
Refer fig.
The hot fluid reject latent heat which is
absorbed by the cold fluid.
In case of condensor of thermal power plant,
the hot fluid is steam and the cold fluid is
cooling water which is gaining the heat and
Fig. Temperature distribution for condensor
rejecting the heat in cooling towers.
D2)Evaporators:
In evaporators, the temperature of cold

fluid remains same and the hot fluid

temperature drops.

The cold fluids receives latent heat from

the hot fluid.

In case of thermal power plants, the flue

gases(hot fluids) reject the heat and the

Fig. Temperature distribution for evaporator
heat and the same is gain by the cold fluid

(i.e. water ) in boilers.

Reference:
a) Heat Transfer by Prof. ALPESH V. MEHTA & Prof. PINKAL G. CHOKSI, Book
Of India
b) Heat and Mass Transfer by R K RAJPUT, S. CHAND PUBLICATION
c) https://chemengineering.wikispaces.com/file/view/CrossflowCoolingT
wr.png/404939984/CrossflowCoolingTwr.png?_e_pi_=7%2CPAGE_ID10%2C2
11513282
d) http://img.bhs4.com/34/8/3480c89f57e487f05b60ef5e8aacfd33d532a3b
1_large.jpg
e) http://img.bhs4.com/ea/9/ea9f5fb4ba42b726243b65dc0bf819f4186bc76f
_large.jpg
f) http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/12-
13/Domestic_flue_gas/images/tmpEA60.png
g) http://me1065.wdfiles.com/local--resized-images/automotive-heat-
exchangers/Basic_Hxgr/medium.jpg
h) http://www.real-world-physics-
problems.com/images/shell_and_tube_3.png
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