Topic 2 Nutrition

2.1 Evaluating the importance of taking good nutrition

and practicing good eating habits

ITeach Science Form 5

 Topic 2 Nutrition
Evaluating The Importance Of Taking Good Nutrition And Practicing Good Eating Habits

Calorific values of different classes of food

Calorific value is the amount of energy released when one gramme of the
food is completely burnt.
It is measured in calories (cal) or 1 calorie = 4.2 joule
kilocalories (kcal) 1 kilocalorie = 4.2 kilojoule
Class of food Carbohydrates Fats Proteins
Calorific value (kJ / g) 16.7 37.6 16.7
Calorific Value per
Type of food Quantity (g) Total calorie (kJ)
100g (kJ)
50
Bread 1050 50 1050 525
100
200
Rice 1500 200 1500 3000
100
50
Chicken 800 50 800 400
100
500
Milk 1400 500 1400 7000
100

ITeach Science Form 5 Past Year Question

 Topic 2 Nutrition
Evaluating The Importance Of Taking Good Nutrition And Practicing Good Eating Habits

Factors affecting calories requirements

Man needs more Children and

energy because Sex Age teenagers need
Bigger size and weight more energy because
More active Rapid growth
High metabolism rate

Body size Factors affecting Physical activity

calories
requirements
A person with
bigger body size A person who
needs more energy work heavily needs
because higher Environment State of health more energy
metabolism rate

A person staying in Patient needs more

cold country needs energy to fight
more energy because disease
Jogging needs more of heat loss
energy
compare to sleeping
ITeach Science Form 5
 Topic 2 Nutrition
Evaluating The Importance Of Taking Good Nutrition And Practicing Good Eating Habits

Malnutrition and its health problems

Malnutrition occurs when one or more classes of food missing in daily diet.
Shortage of
Diseases Symptom Ways to overcome
nutrient
Underweight,
Marasmus Carbohydrate Rice, wheat, etc
thin arms/legs
Pot-belly, scaled
Kwashiorkor Protein Milk, fish, meat, etc
skin, no appetite
Poor vision at
Night blindness Vitamin A Egg yolk, cheese, etc
night
No appetite, weakness
Beri-beri Vitamin B1 Eggs, nuts, liver, etc
and pain in limbs
Diarrhoea, loss of Egg yolk, vegetable,
Pellagra Vitamin B3
weight and memory liver, etc
Scurry Gum bleeds easily Vitamin C Fruits, vegetable

Ricketts Bow-legged Ricketts Expose to sunlight

ITeach Science Form 5

 Topic 2 Nutrition
Evaluating The Importance Of Taking Good Nutrition And Practicing Good Eating Habits

Eating habits and its health problems

A person is obese Anorexia

when his or her weight Obesity Psychological illness
nervosa
is 20% or more caused by severe
exceeds the normal reduction of foods
body weight.
Eat too much Eat less
Consequences will cause will cause Consequences

Higher risk of illness due

to diabetes, high blood Bad eating habits Very thin
pressure, high cholesterol, depressed
kidney disorder, stroke.

How to overcome How to overcome

Reduce intake of fats and

carbohydrate intake balanced diet
Increase intake of fruit seek psychological advice
and vegetable
Regular exercise

ITeach Science Form 5 Past Year Question

 Topic
Topic 22 Nutrition
Nutrition
Evaluating
Evaluating The
The Importance
Importance Of
Of Taking
Taking Good
Good Nutrition
Nutrition And
And Practicing
Practicing Good
Good Eating
Eating Habits
Habits

How arteriosclerosis develops ?

Due to consumption of too much meat and fried food which
are rich in saturated fats and cholesrtol
Stage 1 Stage 2
Inner walls of arteries Cholesterol accumulating

Stage 3
Arteries become
narrower, resulting in
slow blood flow, and
finally blocked.

ITeach Science Form 5

 Topic 2 Nutrition
Evaluating The Importance Of Taking Good Nutrition And Practicing Good Eating Habits

Good nutrition and good eating habits

Practice good eating habits by taking a balance diet which contains all the
classes of food in the right amount, in accordance with the needs of our body
as shown in food pyramid.

Fats and sugar

Meat and dairy products

Fruits and vegetables

Grain food

Food Pyramid
ITeach Science Form 5
 Topic 2 Nutrition

2.2 Analysing the nutrient requirements of plants

ITeach Science Form 5

 Topic 2 Nutrition
Analysing The Nutrient Requirements Of Plants

Nutrient requirements of plants

Reproduction Growth Development

For
For For
Why plants
need
nutrients ?

Plant nutrients

Classified as
Macronutrients Micronutrients

Nutrients needed in Nutrients needed in

large quantities for the small quantities for the
normal growth of plants normal growth of plants

ITeach Science Form 5

 Topic 2 Nutrition
Analyzing The Nutrient Requirements Of Plants

Nutrient requirements of plants - Macronutrients

Carbon Oxygen

Sulphur Hydrogen

Macronutrients
Magnesium Nitrogen

Calcium Potassium Phosphorus

To
Important synthesize
element
ToTosynthesize
form protein,
To
Toform protein,
inTo
form
nucleic
lamella nucleic
chlorophyll
amino form
protein,
acid,
cell,
nucleicacid,
acid,carbohydrates
molecules,
carbohydrates,
protein, help
and in
carbohydrates
fats
important
help acid,and
in growth growth
activate
fats
protein
element and
chlorophyll
of roots of
newcells
respiration enzyme
cells.
in protoplasm

ITeach Science Form 5

 Topic 2 Nutrition
Analysing The Nutrient Requirements Of Plants

Nutrient requirements of plants - Micronutrients

Copper

Zinc Manganese

Micronutrients
Molybdenum Boron

Iron

Helps
Cofactor
Helps
in intake
for
inCofactor
certain
cell
of Cofactor
respiration
calcium
Toenzyme,
synthesise
for an
and
forenzyme
and
certain
needed
decomposition
chlorophyll
synthesise
in
enzyme
for
respiration
nitrogen
ofofchlorophyll
carbohydrates
metabolism

ITeach Science Form 5

 Topic 2 Nutrition
Analysing The Nutrient Requirements Of Plants
Effects of deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium on plant growth
Stunted growth Stunted growth
Nitrogen Phosphorus
Weak stems Weak stems

Smaller, pale green Smaller, purple

upper leaves upper leaves

Older, yellow Small root growth

lower leaves Effects of
(chlorosis) deficiency of

Potassium

Stunted growth
Weak stems
Yellow leaves with
dead brown spots

ITeach Science Form 5

 Topic 2 Nutrition
Analysing The Nutrient Requirements Of Plants

Effects of Deficiency of Nitrogen

A healthy plant A plant deficiency of nitrogen

ITeach Science Form 5

 Topic 2 Nutrition
Analysing The Nutrient Requirements Of Plants

Effects of Deficient in Phosphorus

A healthy plant A plant deficiency of phosphorus

ITeach Science Form 5

 Topic 2 Nutrition
Analysing The Nutrient Requirements Of Plants

Effects of Deficiency of Potassium

A healthy plant A plant deficiency of potassium

ITeach Science Form 5

 Topic 2 Nutrition
Evaluating The Importance Of Taking Good Nutrition And Practicing Good Eating Habits

Effects of macronutrient deficiencies in plants

Aim: To study the effects of macronutrient deficiencies in plants

Hypothesis: A plant grows healthily in a complete Knops solution

Variables:
Manipulated : Type of solutions in each jar
Responding : Colour of leaves, size of leaves and growth of seedling.
Fixed : Volume of solution, size and type of seedlings, intensity of light.
Material and : Distilled water, Knop culture solution, culture solution
without nitrogen, culture solution without phosphorus,
apparatus seedling, black
paper, cotton wool, boiling tubes, glass tube for aeration, stopper.

Procedure :

Observation: Type of culture solution Deficiency in Observation

A None Seedling grows healthily
B Nitrogen Leaves turn yellow
Leaves with curly
C Phosphorus
brown edged
D All nutrients Stunted growth
Conclusion: Plants need various types of nutrients to growth healthily.
ITeach Science Form 5
 Topic 2 Nutrition

2.3 Analysing Nitrogen Cycle And Its Importance

ITeach Science Form 5

 Topic 2 Nutrition
Analysing Nitrogen Cycle And Its Importance

Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen in the air

Volcanic
Lightening
Eruptions Denitrifying
bacteria

Absorb
Nitrogen by plants
fixing
bacteria Animal waste
Ammonium and
Nitrates Compound Decomposed dead animals
Nitrifying
Leaching Bacteria by decay / plants
bacteria
Underground water
ITeach Science Form 5 Past Year Question
 Topic 2 Nutrition

2.4 The Importance Of Having Good Nutrition

ITeach Science Form 5

 Topic 2 Nutrition
The Importance Of Having Good Nutrition

Balanced Diet

The food that contains sufficient

proportion of all classes of food

Eating two or more moderate meals a day

Snack between meals

should be avoided

Drink more water

ITeach Science Form 5 Past Year Question