BUILDING THE LOG-FRAME

Jan T.L. Yap

The LogFrame
 The Logic of the Framework
NARRATIVE
SUMMARY Column CAUSE & EFFECT
Hypothesis
HOW ? GOAL
Attain Goal through
Outcome
OUTCOME
Attain Outcome through
OUTPUTS Outputs

Activities Attain Outputs through

Activities
INPUTS Attain Activities through
Inputs
Vertical Logic: IF .....
STEPS TO DEVELOP A LOGFRAME

START WITH NARRATIVE

SUMMARY

Goal - end objective of a

programme, e.g. raising farm
incomes

Outcome - statement of
purpose, i.e. desired impact of
the project (=Outcome)
e.g. higher
 NARRATIVE SUMMARY
VERTICAL COLUMN - Project Aims

Outputs - projects
accomplishments i.e. the
specific results
e.g. doubling of rice
production

Activities/Inputs - resources
required to implement the
project e.g.
funds, staff, facilities,
equipment, etc
The LogFrame
 HORIZONTAL HEADINGS -
MEASUREMENT

Indicators - the evidence to show

that objectives have been
attained

Indicators can include quantity,

quality, time, place and cost
e.g. increased supply of rice in
the districts markets within 2
years
The LogFrame
 HORIZONTAL HEADINGS -
MEASUREMENT
Means of Verification

List how the indicators will be

measured e.g. purchase of rice
by BULOG

How the information will be

obtained e.g. inspection of
BULOGs records & surveys
of district rice sellers
The LogFrame
 HORIZONTAL HEADINGS -
MEASUREMENT
Assumptions
Statements on factors beyond
control that have a bearing on the
attainment of the objectives
e.g.normal weather pattern will
prevail. cultivators will have
sufficient incentives to participate.

Government will provide sufficient

extension services, etc.
Diagonal Logic
Activities will lead to Outputs;
The Assumptions at the Outputs level
must hold true for the Outputs to
lead to achieving the Outcomes;
The Assumptions at the Outcomes
level must hold true for the
Outcomes to lead to achieving the
Goal.
Diagonal Logic
Four Core Areas of the
LogFrame
The Logical Framework
Approach: Planning

Describe the project effects

(Narrative Summary Outcome and
Goal)
Describe the project operations
(Narrative Summary Outputs.
Activities and Inputs)
Describe the project context
(Assumptions and Preconditions)
Establish Indicators and define
Means of Verification (Project
Monitoring and Evaluation)
Project Effects
The Project Goal
Selecting a Goal
Government policy - it should reflect
national aims and priorities or, at
least, not contradict them
Donor policy
Your own organisations mission and
purpose
Describing the Goal
Express the Goal as an end result, not a
process
Keep your language simple
Refer to the target group and be as
specific / verifiable as possible
In the Logframe, this is entered into the
Narrative Summary column
The exact details (quantity, quality, time,
location and target group) may be
expanded later as an OVI
The Project Outcome
Describing the Outcome
Who and where are the target group?
What change will be realised, and by
when?
Your Outcome must be must be
SMART (Specific-Measurable-
Appropriate- Realistic-Timebound)
Project Operations
Outputs
Intermediate, intended changes -
measurable, specific results of Activities
conducted
Together, they lead to the project Outcome
Within the organisations control
Often correspond to the immediate causes
of the Core Problem
Can be products (goods created, and
infrastructure or services provided),
acquired knowledge / learning, or systems
established
Stated as end results, not processes
Activities
Actions / work done mobilising resources
available (such as time, money, people) to
produce specific Outputs
Each Output has a group of related
Activities, a series of timebound steps to
be conducted by the project
Keep the level of detail enough that you
have outlined the tasks so it is clear they
will lead to the desired Outputs
Dont list Activities which are not related to
any Output
Inputs
A summary of the project resources
Budget
Personnel
Materials
Equipment
Project Monitoring and
Evaluation
Project Monitoring
The regular, systematic collection and
analysis of data on specific indicators to:

Demonstrate to management and key

stakeholders the extent of progress;
Assist in timely decision-making;
Ensure accountability;
Provide the basis for evaluation and learning;
Project Evaluation is the periodic, systematic
assessment of an on-going or completed project,
its design, implementation and results. It aims
to:
Compare actual results with those
planned/expected;
Determine the relevance and fulfilment of
objectives;
The Project Context
 Key Project Logframe Items
NARRATIVE SUMMARY Assumptions
Column /Risks
Beyond What else is
Project
GOAL needed?
long range
Area
What can go wrong?
Project
Area but
beyond OUTCOME + Outcome to Goal
Manageme
nt Control
OUTPUTS Outputs to Outcom
Project
Area Activities Activities to Outputs
Under
Manageme INPUTS
nt
CONTROL
Preconditions and
Assumptions
At the Preconditions level, what is
needed before Activities can begin?
At the Outputs level, what must be
true for Outputs to lead to the
Outcome (improvement of living
conditions)?
At the Outcome level, what must be
true for the Outcome to contribute
towards the Goal (improved health
status)?
Risk Analysis
Selecting the Best
Response
Accept it
Avoid it
Reduce the Likelihood of the Risk
Reduce the Effects
Transfer it
Questions and Discussions