Oliveros, Don

Caayaman,
Christine
RING BUS; GROUP5 Roiles, Mark
Joseph
Lao, Mc Anthony
 INTRODUCTION
the electric substation is a junction point where usually more than two transmission lines
terminate.
1. Actually in most of EHV and HV substations more than half a dozen of lines terminate.
In many large transmission substations the total numbers of lines terminating exceeds
one or two dozens.
2. In this scenario obviously the first requirement is avoidance of total shutdown of the
substation for the purpose of maintenance of some equipment(s) or due to fault
somewhere.
3. Total shutdown of substation means complete shutdown of all the lines connected to this
particular substation. So the switching scheme is adopted depending upon the importance
of the substation, reliability requirement, flexibility and future expansion etc..
4. Of course substation construction and operational cost is also to be considered. Clearly a
EHV or UHV transmission substation where large numbers of important lines terminate
is extremely important and the substation should be designed to avoid total failure and
THERE ARE MAINLY SIX BUS
SCHEMES. THESE ARE:

Single Bus
Main Bus and Transfer Bus
Double Bus Double Breaker
Double Bus Single Breaker
Ring Bus
Breaker and Half
A circuit breaker
-is a device whose main purpose is to break the circuit carrying load current
or fault current. As the breaker is opened then current is interrupted in the
circuit. But it is not safe to work with opened breaker as one or both sides of
the breaker terminals may be still energized. The breaker is then isolated
from the rest of the circuit by opening the isolators on both sides of breaker.
The isolators
are used to isolate the breaker or circuit. It should be remembered that
the isolators are never opened or closed to interrupt or make the circuit.
That means when the circuit is to be made on, first the isolators on
both sides of a breaker are closed then breaker is closed to allow current
flow.
When the circuit is to be made off or interrupted, first the breaker is
opened(tripped), hence load current is interrupted. Then to isolate the
breaker, isolators are opened.
Isolators are designed to interrupt small current. Breakers are designed
to interrupt large load current and heavy fault current. Both breaker and
isolator carry load current in normal state.
 RING BUS CONFIGURATION
a) The breakers are so connected and forms a ring.
b) There are isolators on both sides of each breaker.
c) Circuits terminate between the breakers.
d) The number of breakers is same as the numbers of circuits.
e) Each of the circuits in ring bus system is fed from both sides.
f) Any of the breaker can be opened and isolated for
maintenance without interrupting any of the circuits.
g) A fault on any of the circuit is isolated by tripping of two
breakers on both sides of the circuit. By tripping the two
breakers only the faulted circuit is isolated and all other
circuits continue to operate in open ring state.
h) This scheme has good operational flexibility and high
reliability.
For stations having three to five circuits, a ring bus is often used.
As more circuits are added, the configuration may evolve to a
breaker-and-a-half arrangement.
Figure F.2 shows a three-circuit ring bus that is based on Figure
F.1 but with the bottom bay and three breakers and one bay-two
circuit removed.
A maintenance outage of a circuit breaker or circuit causes an
Open ring. For open-ring operation, a subsequent circuit outage
may cause outage of additional circuits.
FIGURE F.1 One-line diagram of breaker-and-a-half bus
configuration.

FIGURE F.2 One-line diagram for ring bus

configuration
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES :
The advantages of this scheme include:
Low cost only one circuit breaker per circuit
Flexibility to evolve to a breaker-and-a-half arrangements as more circuits are added.
High reliability
Double feed to each circuit
No main buses
Expandable to breaker-and-a-half configuration
Isolation of bus sections and circuit breakers for maintenance without circuit disruption
THE DISADVANTAGES OF THIS
SCHEME:
Reduced reliability in open ring operation;

The main disadvantage is that when a fault happens and the ring is split and
may result into two isolated sections. Each of these two sections may not have
the proper combination of source and load circuits. To avoid this as far as
possible the source and load circuits should be connected side by side.
During fault, splitting of the ring may leave undesirable circuit

combinations:

Each circuit has to have its own potential source for relaying;

Usually limited to 4 circuit positions, although larger sizes up to 10

are in service. 6 is usually the maximum terminals for a ring bus.