Meta Data-Theory

Lokesh Payasi
 Slide-2
Meta-analysis is the statistical
procedure for combining data from
multiple studies. When the
treatment effect (or effect size) is
consistent from one study to the
next, meta-analysis can be used to
identify this common effect. When
the effect varies from one study to
the next, meta-analysis may be used
to identify the reason for the
 Slide-3
Decisions about the utility of an
intervention or the validity of a hypothesis
cannot be based on the results of a single
study, because results typically vary from
one study to the next
Pharma Company
use meta-analysis to gain approval for new
drugs, with regulatory agencies sometimes
requiring a meta-analysis as part of the
approval process
 Slide-6
How much an effect is releted to
each other so if relation is high than
we can say that results are more
accurate.
Answer is zero because then we say
that sample mean will not vary from
population mean.
 Slide -7
More study will give more result and
then the chances of error will
diminish.
 Slide-8
m.1 and m.2 are the arguments of the function for
means of both groups (control and treatment), sd.1
and sd.2 are for standard deviations of both groups,
and n.1 and n.2 are for sample sizes of both groups.
Meta-analysis of interventions for a single sample often
Meta-analysis of interventions for a single sample often
yield multiple ESs, such as scores reported on two or
more outcome measures, each of which provides an
estimate of treatment efficacy. The meta-analyst can
either choose to either (1) include multiple ESs from
the same sample in the meta-analysis, or to (2)
aggregate them prior to analysis, so that each
independent sample (study) contributes only a single
ES.
 Slide-9
The arguments of the agg function are id
(study ID), es (ES), var (variance of ES), n.1
and n.2 (sample size of treatment and
control, respectively), cor (correlation
between ESs, here imputed at r = 0.5),
method (Borenstein, et al. or Gleser and Olkin
procedures), and data (dataset).
Thedependent dataset (dat.sim.es) is now
aggregated into one composite ES per study
(dataset dat.sim.agg). Note the imputation of
r = 0.5. This value was chosen because it is a
conservative (and typical) starting value for
aggregating psychologically based Ess.
 Slide-10
Estimating summary effect-The
summary effect is simply a weighted
average of the individual study ES,
There are several modeling approaches
for calculating the summary effect.
The fixed-effects approach assumes that
variance between each study is 0 and
differences among ESs are due to sampling
error.