MULTICOMPONENT

DISTILLATION
 SINGLE STAGE FLASH
USES TWO PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
FLASH
BUBBLE POINT
DEW POINT
CAN BE TWO
LIQUID PHASES http://www.hills2.u-net.com/chemical/distil/fig17.gif
USES RELATIVE VOLATILITY
Ki
y i K i xi i, j
Kj
 METHODS TO OBTAIN Ki
EMPIRICAL DATA
SET UP EXPERIMENTS TO MEASURE
y = y(x,P,T)
FIT TO STANDARD CORRELATIONS
DATA CAN BE BASED ON BINARY SETS -
SEE PERRY'S SECTION 13 FOR BINARY
DATA
GENERAL CORRELATIONS FOR SPECIFIC
TYPES OF MIXTURES - UNIQUAC

http://www.intelligen.com/images/screenshots/BinaryChartDlg_v8.jpg
 METHODS TO OBTAIN Ki

DEPRIESTER
CHARTS FOR
HYDROCARBON
SYSTEMS
LOW
TEMPERATURE
DATA
PERRYS FIGURE
13-14, P. 13-17
 METHODS TO OBTAIN Ki

DEPRIESTER
CHARTS FOR
HYDROCARBON
SYSTEMS
HIGH
TEMPERATURE
DATA
PERRYS
FIGURE 13-14, P.
13-18
 METHODS TO OBTAIN Ki
AIR
SEPARATION
PLANT DATA

http://www.cryogenic-
consulting.com/argon.
pdf#search=%22AIR
%20SEPARATION
%20EQUILIBRIA%22

http://www.ecs.umass.edu/che/henson_group/research/air/air_separation_plant.png
 Pi sat xi
y i 1
P

FLASH CALCULATIONS
BUBBLE POINT PRESSURE (DIRECT)
T AND xi ARE GIVEN, FIND yi AND P
xi i P * i
y i 1 PSYS
K i x i (11.7 5)
i i

BUBBLE POINT TEMPERATURE (T & E)

P AND xi ARE GIVEN, FIND yi AND T
xi i P * i
y i 1 PSYS
K i x i (11.7 5)
i i
 FLASH CALCULATIONS
DEW POINT PRESSURE (DIRECT)
T AND yi ARE GIVEN, FIND PSYS AND xi
y i PSYS y
x i 1 i P *i
i (11.7 7 )
i i Ki

DEW POINT TEMPERATURE ( T & E)

P AND yi ARE GIVEN,
yP FIND
y T AND xi
xi 1 i SYS
i P *i
i
Ki
(11.7 7 )
i i
 FLASH CALCULATIONS
PARTIAL FLASH zi = 1
P, T AND zi ARE GIVEN, FIND xi & yi
FLASH LINES ARE DEVELOPED FOR EACH
COMPONENT WITH A COMMON f
f 1 x iF
yi xi K REF i ,REF x i (11.7 10)
f f

SOLVE BY T&E FOR VALUES OF V IN f =

V/F
x iF zi (K i 1)
f (K 1) 1 1 OR V (K 1) 1 0
i REF i ,REF i i
 MULTICOMPONENT
FRACTIONATION
GENERAL DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
SPECIFY PRESSURE
DETERMINE NUMBER OF
EQUILIBRIUM STAGES
ADJUST NUMBER OF
STAGES FOR STAGE
EFFICIENCY
DESIGN TRAYS
DESIGN COLUMN

http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/no
n-renewable/images/FCCDistCol.jpg
 SHORTCUT METHOD -
PSEUDOBINARY SEPARATION
ASSUMES TWO PRIMARY (KEY)
COMPONENTS CAN BE USED TO
MODEL THE PROCESS
NON-KEYS ARE DISTRIBUTED
BASED ON i,KEY
KEY COMPONENTS
DISTRIBUTED TO DISTILLATE & BOTTOMS
MAJOR COMPONENTS IN FEED
NON-KEY COMPONENTS
LIGHTER THAN LIGHT ARE ASSUMED TO
GO TO DISTILLATE
HEAVIER THAN HEAVY ARE ASSUMED TO
GO TO BOTTOMS
http://image.absoluteastrono
INTERMEDIATE ARE ASSUMED TO my.com/images/encyclopedi
DISTRIBUTE TO DISTILLATE AND BOTTOMS aimages/d/di/distillation_colu
mn.png
 COMPONENT DISTRIBUTIONS
EXAMPLE FROM AIR SEPARATION
KEYS
O2
N2
NON-KEY
Ar

http://www.cryogenic-
consulting.com/argon.pdf#se
arch=%22AIR
%20SEPARATION
%20EQUILIBRIA%22
 SHORTCUT METHOD
DISTRIBUTE KEYS BASED ON TARGET
PRODUCT COMPOSITION
COMPLETE DISTRIBUTION TO YIELD
FEED AND PRODUCT MATRICES
xFi, xDi, xBi
CALCULATE NMIN WITH FENSKE
EQUATION USING KEY VALUES
xDLK DxBHK B
ln
x DHK Dx BLK B
NMIN (11.7 12)
ln( LK ,HK )avg
 SHORTCUT METHOD
AVERAGE RELATIVE VOLATILITY, LK,HK
FEED VALUE
avg LK ,HK F
TOP/BOTTOM AVERAGE
LK ,HK D LK ,HKB
avg
2

GEOMETRIC AVERAGES
OVERALL
TOP/BOTTOM
avg 3 LK ,HKF LK ,HKD LK ,HKB
avg LK ,HKD LK ,HKB
 SHORTCUT METHOD
CHECK OF NON-KEY DISTRIBUTION
USE FENSKE EQUATION RESOLVED FOR
NON-KEY RELATIVE TO KEY:

x iD D xHKD D
i ,HK (11.7 14)
x iB B xHKB B
 SHORTCUT METHOD
MINIMUM REFLUX RATIO
OPERATING LINES FOR EACH
COMPONENT AT TOTAL REFLUX
RECTIFICATION SECTION
D xDi D xDi
y i
V 1 L V K i
1. 0
V
1 L V K
i i

STRIPPING SECTION
B xBi B xBi
y i

V 1 L V K i 1. 0
V
L
V K i 1
i
 SHORTCUT METHOD
UNDERWOOD EQUATIONS COMPLETE
BALANCE OVER THE COLUMN
i x Fi
1 q
i i
i x Di
RdMIN
i i
NUMBER OF VALUES ARE (1 + NUMBER OF
COMPONENTS BETWEEN KEYS)
VALUE OF IS BETWEEN VALUES OF ij
 SHORTCUT METHOD
USE GILLILAND OR ERBAR-MADDOX
CORRELATIONS TO DETERMINE N
FOR A SPECIFIC Rd
N N MIN 1 54.4 1
1 exp 0.5
N 1 11 117 .2
R RMIN

R 1
Molokanov, International Chemical
Engineering, 12(2), 209, 1972

McCabe, Smith and Harriontt, Unit Operations of

Chemical Engineering, Ed. 4, p, 578, 1985.
 SHORTCUT METHOD
LOCATION OF FEED TRAY
IS CRITICAL TO COLUMN EFFICIENCY
LOSS OF SEPARATION
INCOMPLETE SEPARATION
BASIS FOR ESTIMATE

NRECT x B xLK ,B
2

log 0.206 log HK ,F

D x

(11.7 21)
NSTRIP xLK ,F HK ,D