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PHASE I
PHASE 2
Absorption (partitioning)
PHASE I
Pgas K H caq
Henrys Law
PHASE 2
The Jargon of Adsorption
Adsorbent, in
Cu2+ suspension at
Cu2+ concentration
Cu2+ Cu2+ csolid
Cu2+ Dissolved
Cu2+ Cu2+ adsorbate, at
concentration cCu(aq)
Cu2+
Cu 2+
Cu2+
Cu2+
Adsorbed species,
Cu2+ with adsorption
density q mg Cu per
g solid or per m2
167 mg GAC/L
333 mg GAC/L
Metal Oxide Surfaces
Coagulants form precipitates of Fe(OH)3 and Al(OH)3
which have OH surface groups that can adsorb humics
and many metals
Later
Laminar
Boundary
Layer GAC Particle
Equilibrium
Adsorbed Molecule
Diffusing Molecule
Adsorption Isotherms
Add Same Initial Target Chemical Concentration, Cinit, in each
Control
Freundlich: q k f c n
Shape of Langmuir Isotherm
Shape of Freundlich Isotherm
q k f cn
Shape of Freundlich Isotherm
(log scale)
log q log k f n log c
Example. Adsorption of benzene onto activated carbon has been reported to obey
the following Freundlich isotherm equation, where c is in mg/L and q is in mg/g:
Solution. The adsorption density of benzene in equilibrium with ceq of 0.010 mg/L
can be determined from the isotherm expression:
A mass balance on the contaminant can then be written and solved for the
activated carbon dose:
ctot ,benz cbenz qbenz c AC
0.50 0.010 4.30 mg/g c AC
Sludge Withdrawal
PAC particles may or
may not be equilibrated
PAC + Flocculated
Coagulants Water