Male Sexual Anatomy and

Physiology
Chapter Three
The Testes and Scrotum
Testes (testicles)
Male sex glands
Scrotum
External pouch of skin which hold the testes
Sperm
Sex cells necessary for human reproduction
The Testes and Scrotum
Lobes of Testis
Seminiferous tubules
Interstitial cells (Leydig cells)
Vasa efferentia
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Insert Fig. 3.2

Figure 3.2 Testes

The Testes and Scrotum
Male Genital and Testicular Self-Examination
Check for bumps, sores, or blisters
Check testes for small or hard lumps or unusual
symptoms
Roll gently between the thumb and fingers
Best time to check is right after hot shower or bath
Insert Fig. 3.3

Figure 3.3 Testicular Self-

Examination
The Testes and Scrotum
Disorders of the Testes
Anorchism
Cryptorchidism
Monorchidism
Testicular failure
Epididymitis
The Penis
Parts
Glans
Rounded head
Frenulum
Thin, tightly stretched band of skin on its underside
connecting the glans to the shaft
Shaft
Body of the penis
Corpora cavernosa
Corpus spongiosum
The Penis
Parts
Corona
Ridge around the edge of the glans
Foreskin
Skin covering the head of the penis before circumcision
Urethra
Carries sperm and urine
Insert Fig. 3.4

Figure 3.4 Cross Section of a Penis

The Penis
Erection
Three cylinders inside penis become engorged
with blood and penis expands
Controlled by spinal reflex
Involuntary
Two muscles
Bulbocavernosus
Ischiocavernosus
Cyclic GMP
Figure 3.5 Penile Erection
The Penis
Penis Size
No demonstrated relationship between height,
general body size or the size of other particular
organs, and penis size
Evidence of significant differences in lengths
among different ethnic groups
The Penis
Penis Size
Average sizes
Nonerect
3.5 inches long
3.9 inches in circumference
Erect
5.1 inches long
4.9 inches in circumference
 The Penis
Male Circumcision:
The Debate
Religious custom
Hygiene
Phimosis
Reduction in
transmission of HIV
and HPV

Figure 3.6
Circumcision
The Penis
Disorders of the Penis
Priapism
Peyronies disease
Penile fractures
Agenesis of the penis
Congenital conditions
Hypospadias
Epispadias
Internal Male Organs

Seminal Vesicle
Saclike structure that produce secretions that help
activate sperm
Prostate gland
Produces secretions that help transport sperm
Internal Male Organs

Semen
Milky, sticky alkaline substance that helps
transport the sperm through the penis
Cowpers glands (Bulbourethral glands)
Secretes a pre-ejaculatory fluid to coat the lining
of the urethra
Insert Fig. 3.8

Figure 3.8 Male Sexual and Reproductive

Organs
Internal Male Organs
Prostate Problems
Prostatitis
Inflammation of the prostate gland
Acute: caused by bacterial infection
Chronic: caused by changes in the prostate other than
infection
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Nonmalignant prostatic enlargement
Internal Male Organs
Sperm Production and Ejaculation
Interstitial-cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Spermatocytes
Orgasm
Retrograde ejaculation
No semen leaves the penis
Anejaculation
Male Hormones and Andropause
Gradual declines in male hormones through
mid-40s and by age 75
Andropause
Characterized by:
Anxiety
Depression
Insomnia
Hypochondria
Loss of appetite
Chronic fatigue
Male Hormones and The Male
Climacteric
Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT)
Increases risk of prostate difficulties and
cardiovascular disease
Surviving Male Midlife
Counseling
Be cautious about making major life changes
Conclusion
Summary and Key Points