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Ketepatan Penanganan
Infark Miokard Akut (IMA)
Indigestion,
belching, dyspnea
DM, wanita, manula (post operative)
Didapatkan 5% dari ACS
2% dipulangkan ternyata ACS
Ischemic
Stenosis Aorta
Regurgitasi Aorta
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Angina pada Hypertensi
Hipertensi pulmonal berat
Non Ischemic
Diseksi Aorta
Pericarditis
Mitral valve prolaps
Gastro intestinal
Esophageal spasm/reflux/rupture
Peptic Ulcer
Neuromusculoskeletal
Costochondritis
Herpes zoster
Chest wall pain dan tenderness etc
Pulmonary
Pulmonary emboli
Pneumothorax
Penumonia with pleural involvement
Pleurisy
Psychogenic
Axiety/depression/cardiac psychosis etc
Moderate to large inferior Proximal RCA or left ST elevation II, III, avF, and
(posterior, lateral, right circumflex any of the following:
ventricular) a. V1, V3R, V4R
b. V5-6
c. R>S in V1-2
Small inferior Distal RCA or left circumflex ST elevation II, III, avF only
branch
Occluded artery
Anterior STEMI
Troponin T/Troponin I
CKMB
Pemeriksaan Fisik
Sadar-Koma
TD: Hypertensi-Normal-Hypoptensi
HR: Regular-irregular/ Bradycardia-Tachycardia
pulseless
RR: Tachypnea-apnea
Cor: Regular-iregular, murmur, gallop
Pulmo: Normal-Rales- wheezing
Ext: dingin/hangat, edema+/-, etc.
Komplikasi MI
Mechanical
Electrical
Ischemia
Embolic
Inflammation
Komplikasi Mekanik
VentricularSeptal Rupture
Mitral Regurgitation
Cardiac free wall rupture
Large ventricular aneurysms
LV pump failure and cardiogenic shock
Dynamic LVOT obstruction
RV failure
Gagal Jantung (Kriteria Framingham)
Major Minor
Acute pulmonary edema Night cough
PND or orthopnea Tachycardia >120
Crackles Pleural effusion
S3 gallop Hepatomegaly
HJR/Increased JVP Ankle edema
Cardiomegaly Vital capacity decrease
Wt loss >4.5 kg 5d into >1/3 from max
Rx
SA Dysfunction
Atrial Fibrillation
First-Second degree AV block
Total AV Block
Left Bundle Branch Block
Right Bundle Branch Block
Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Fibrillation
Komplikasi Ischemik
PerluasanInfark
Angina Post-infark
Komplikasi Emboli
Systemic embolism ;
stroke, limb ischemia, renal infarction,
intestinal ischemia
Inflammation Complication
EarlyPericarditis
Late Pericarditis (Dresslers syndrome)
Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction
NSTEMI :
Umur
Faktor resiko >3
Angina
Aspirin
Diketahui CAD (Cath)
Enzymes
Depresi segmen ST
TIMI Risk
STEMI
Umur
Aada/ tidak faktor resiko
Killip Class
TD sistolik
HR
Anterior STEMI/LBBB
Onset > 4 jam
Stratifikasi Resiko
O2
Bed rest
Pain killer
Nitrate and anti-ischemia
Antiplatelet : Aspirin, Clopidogrel
Fibrinolytic time to neddle : 30 m/PCI
HTN
Hyperglicemia
Treat the complication etc
Fibrinolitik
Manfaat bila onset < 12 jam, optimal bila onset <
3 jam
Bila dikirim ke RS dengan PCI > 90 menit,
fibrinolitik
Konsep baru : Fibrinolitik di Ambulan menuju RS
Perhatikan kontraindikasi fibrinolitik
Awasi ketat komplikasi fibrinolitik seperti
perdarahan, stroke, syok dll
Perhatikan tanda tanda keberhasilan: nyeri
hilang, ST elevasi turun >50%, Junctional
VES(+), bila gagal rescue PCI
Kontra Indikasi Absolut
1. Time to balloon : 90 m
2. Yang dibuka hanya Culprit lesion (pembuluh
darah tersumbat yang menyebabkan IMA kali ini)
saja
3. Aliran darah yang diintervensi kembali lancar
CABG
Failed PCI with persistent pain or hemodynamic
instability in patients with coronary anatomy suitable for
surgery.
Persistent or recurrent ischemia refractory to medical
therapy in patients who have coronary anatomy suitable
for surgery, have a significant area of myocardium at
risk, and are not candidates for PCI or fibrinolytic
therapy.
At the time of surgical repair of postinfarction ventricular
septal rupture (VSR) or mitral valve insufficiency.
CABG