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FIRST GENERATION
Presented by:
sequencing methods
for determining the
order of the
nucleotide bases -
adenine, guanine,
cytosine, and
thymine - in a
molecule of DNA
Applications:
a. diagnostic
Applications:
b. biotechnology
Applications:
c. forensic biology
Applications:
d. biological systematics
How it started?
DISCOVERY: What accounts for the delay?
DNA double helix (1953)
4. Gel electrophoresis
5. X-ray autoradiography
First Generation
G
C
A
T
G
T
A
A
T
First Generation
(2) Maxam and Gilbert Method: Maxam and Gilbert (1977)
1. Obtain ssDNA
A
T
G
C
A
T
C
First Generation
(3) Automated Sanger Sequencing: Caltech (1986)
First Generation
(3) Automated Sanger Sequencing: Caltech (1986)
First Generation
THANK YOU!!
References:
Guzvic, M. 2013. The History of DNA Sequencing. J Med Biochem. (32)
301-312.
Heather, H.M and Chain, B. 2015. The Sequence of Sequencers: The
History of Sequencing DNA. Genomics (107) 1-8.
http://dx/doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2015.11.003
Karger, B.L. and Guttman, A. 2009. DNA Sequencing by Capillary
Electophoresis. Electrophoresis. 30(Suppl 1): S-196-S202. doi:
10.1002/elps.200900218.
Maxam, A.M., and Gilbert, W. 1976. A new method for sequencing DNA.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Vol. 72, No. 2.pp. 560-564.
Sanger, F., Nicklen, S. and Coulson, A. 1977. DNA Sequencing with chain
terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Vol. 74, No. 12. pp. 5463-
5467.