BEHAVIORISM

DEFINITION

The theory that human behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning

without appeal to thoughts or feelings, ad that psychological disorders are
best treated by altering the behavior patters.
 TYPES OF BEHAVIORISM

Methodological- a normative theory about the scientific conduct of

psychology. It claims that psychology should concern itself with the behavior
of organisms.
Psychological- A major theory within psychology which holds that behaviors
are learned through positive and negative reinforcements.
Analytical- a theory of mind that mental concepts can be explained in terms
of behavioral concepts.
 ORIGINS OF ALL TYPES

Analytical- Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of the first theorists to study

analytical behaviorism. He started to study it in 1889.
Methodological- John Watson was the first to have a dominant theme is
methodological behaviorism. He began his writings in like late 1800s to the
early 1900s.
Psychological- Edward Thorndike, as well as Watson were some of the first
ones to study the psychological behaviorism.
 OPERANT CONDITIONING

Operant conditioning is a type of learning where behavior is controlled by

consequences.
Some key concepts are positive and negative reinforcement, positive and
negative punishment.
Examples- A teacher telling a student that they cannot go outside for recess
if they continue to interrupt the class.
 CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Classical conditioning refers to a learning procedure in which a biologically

potent stimulus is paired with a previously neutral stimulus.
Examples- a stomach virus will lead to nausea.
Everytime you take a shower someone in your house flushes the toilet. This
causes the water to get cold. Every time you hear the toilet flush, you get
cold.
 THEORISTS

J.B. Watson- In his book he argued the value of psychology which is

concerned with behavior in itself.

B.F. Skinner- He carried out many experiments in the 1930s through the
1950s. He is known as one of the best theorist.
 THEORISTS

Edward Thorndike- He is famous for his work on learning theory that lead to
the development of operant conditioning within behaviorism.

Carl Rodgers- He agreed with the works of Abraham Maslow. He added to his
theory by saying for a person to grow they need the environment that will
allow them to do so.
 ORIGINS OF BEHAVIORISM

Ivan Pavlov is the main theorists who came up with the concept of
behaviorism.

Pavlov was studying his dogs and their digestive process. As a part of that,
he began to study what triggers dogs to salivate. He found that mamals use
saliva to digest food. When his dogs see food they drool. He found that
drooling had a much more far reaching effect than he ever thought. This is
what lead him to finding new ways to study humans.
 REFERENCES

Classical Conditioning Examples. (n.d.). Retrieved February 09, 2017, from

http://loh.loswego.k12.or.us/noblem/classical_conditioning.htm
Graham, G. (2000, May 26). Behaviorism. Retrieved February 09, 2017, from
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/
Behaviorist Learning Theory. (n.d.). Retrieved February 09, 2017, from
http://www.innovativelearning.com/teaching/behaviorism.html
(n.d.). Retrieved February 09, 2017, from
http://study.com/academy/lesson/ivan-pavlov-and-classical-conditioning-
theory-experiments-contributions-to-psychology.html