M EM

O RY
 W hat is
M EM O RY?
mental ability to retain and recall
past experience

ability to encode, store and

recall information
 RetrievaL

Storage

Encoding
 Encoding

Consolidation

storage

retrieval
Diagram by Luke Mastin
 EN CO D IN G
biological event beginning with
perception through the senses

process of converting information

into a form that the brain interpret
and use
 TY P ES O F
EN C O D IN G
Visual Encoding
- process of encoding images and visual
sensory information

Acoustic Encoding
- processing of sound, words ad other
auditory input for storage and later for
retrieval
Tactile Encoding
- encoding of how something feels,
normally through the sense of touch

Semantic Coding
- process of encoding sensory input that
has particular context
- general meanings, concepts and ideas
 CO N SO LID ATIO N
- processes of stabilizing a memory trace after the
initial acquisition

Synaptic Consolidation
- occurs within the first few hours after learning or
encoding

System Consolidation
- where hippocampus dependent memories
become independent of the hippocampus over a
period of weeks to years
 STO RAG E
more or less passive process of
retaining information in the brain
process of keeping memories intact in
the brains memory system over time
memories are stored in the brain as groups
of neurons firing together in the same pattern
that created the original experience
ongoing process of reclassification
resulting from continuous changes in our
neural pathways
Types of M em ories
Episodic
specific events or episodes

Procedural
information on how to do things

Semantic
generalized knowledge of concepts
 RETRIEVAL
subsequent accessing of events
or information from the past
which have been previously
encoded and stored in the brain

known as remembering
 Types of Retrieval
1. Recall
replays a pattern of neural
activity that was generated in
response to a particular events
memorization
free response questions, oral
examination, fill In the blank
tests
 Types ofRecall
Free Recall
- process in which a person is given a list
of items to remember and asked to recall
them in any order
Cue Recall
- process in which a person is given a list
of items to remember and can recall it
because of the given cues
Serial Recall
- ability to recall items or events in the
order in which they occured
2.Recognition

association of event or physical

object with one previously
experienced or encountered and
involves a process of comparison
of information with memory
easier because of hints and clues
- multiple choice tests, true or false
tests
Categories of Retrieval

Explicit
deliberately remembered

Implicit
unintentional recollection
influence of experiences
 al 1. Maintenance
rs
ea repeating over and

eh over
R no connections

Ex. Memorization
- most
common
mental 2. Elaborative
technique used relating old and new
to remember memories
information
builds connections
Factors that aff
ect
Retrieval

1. Age
2. Chronic Stress
3. Depression
4. Isolation
W ays to aid our brain to
preserve M EM O RY
1. Be physically active

2. Having healthy lifestyle

3. Workout
M EM
O RY