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WHAT IS
SPINTRONICS?
By combining general
relativity and The charge is the origin
quantum mechanics. of electricity, and its
This finding opens up flow leads to an electric
opportunities for the (charge) current.
direct conversion of
quantum mechanical
rotation into its
classical counterpart,
which can lead to On the other hand, the
inventions of Nano spin gives rise to
scale motors. magnetism and its
flow is called spin
The thermally induced current.
spin current is
converted to an electric Spin current can also be
current via the inverse generated by producing
spin Hall effect in an a temperature gradient
attached metal. in a magnetic insulator.
Using magnetization dynamics induced
by ferromagnetic resonance researchers
have succeeded in injecting spin
currents into semiconductors with a
very high efficiency (103 times larger
than before)
HOW IT ALL BEGAN??
PARALLEL CURRENT
Current runs parallel between the
ferromagnetic layers.
Most commonly used in magnetic read
heads.
Has shown 200% resistance difference
between zero point and antiparallel
states.
PERPENDICULAR CURRENT
Spin Valve
Semiconductors allow
Precise tuning of carrier
concentrations
Band gap engineering, and,
interestingly,
Exhibit extremely long electron
spin lifetimes.
HOW SEMICONDUCTOR CAN BE COMBINED WITH
FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS ?
1. HYBRID SYSTEM
An array of
magnetic
The drawback
memory
lies in the fact
The most elements is
that it does not
straightforward placed on top of
utilises the
approach is the semiconductor
unique property
one employed in wafer containing
of semiconductor
MRAM transistors and
in manipulating
other circuitry
spin.
required to drive
the memory.
2. MAGNETIC
SEMICONDUCTORS
ferromagnetic
material
or
semiconductor
material
In the first category, electron spins that originate from a
ferromagnetic source material are injected into a semiconductor, in
which they are transported and manipulated, followed by some
means of spin detection at the other end of the device.
For the second class of hybrid devices, where a device concept has
been successfully demonstrated by Monsma et al with the
introduction of the spin-valve transistor (SVT) in 1995, and
The SVT was introduced in 1995 and is the first working hybrid
device in which Ferro magnets and semiconductors have been
closely integrated, and both materials are essential in controlling
the electrical transport through the device.
This may also be used as Magnetically Controlled Parametric Amplifiers & Mixers, as
magnetic signal processors, for control of brush less DC motors & as Magnetic Logic elements.
In log applications they have the advantage over conventional semiconductor chips that they do
not require power to maintain their memory state.
Quantum Computer, a new trend in computing. Here we use Qubits instead of bits. Qubit
also represents only 1& 0 but here they show superposition these classical states. But it is in
pioneering stage.
There are major efforts ongoing at Honeywell, IBM, Motorola in developing RAM based on spin
valves and metal tunnel junctions such devices called MRAM have demonstrated faster speed,
high density low power consumption, non-volatility and radiation harness they are promising
replacements for the Semi Conducting RAM currently used.
ADVANTAGES OF SVT (SPIN VALVE
TRANSISTOR)
Traditional transistors use on & off charge currents to create bits the
binary 0 & 1 of Computer information. Quantum spin field effect transistor
will use up & down spin states to generate the same binary data.