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Pseudopods engulfing colloid. (Scanning electron microscopic photo provided by Dr. J. Dumont, Brussels)
Corin Badiu, 2015
Foliculul tiroidian
ALGORITMI
The relationship between serum TSH and free T4 concentration is shown for normal subjects (N) and in the
typical abnormalities of thyroid function: A, primary hypothyroidism ; B, central or pituitary-dependent
hypothyroidism; C, thyrotoxicosis due to autonomy or abnormal stimulation of the gland; D, TSH-dependent
thyrotoxicosis or thyroid hormone resistance. Note that linear changes in the concentration of T4 correspond
to logarithmic changes in serum TSH.
Corin Badiu, 2015
ECOGRAFIA TIROIDIANA
Evidentiaza
Gusa si caracterul difuz sau nodular al acesteia
Nodulul < 1 cm / confirma nodulul > 1 cm
Chistii tiroidieni
Hipervascularizatie si calcificari
Masoara
Dimensiuni tiroida calcul volum [=*(d1+d2+d3)]
Dimensiuni nodul (in dinamica)
Diferentiaza
Nodulii tiroidieni de cei extratiroidieni
Nodulii de chisti
ECOGRAFIA TIROIDIANA
Procedure: R hemithyroidectomy
Pathology:
Adenomatous nodule with focal lymphocytic thyroiditis.
One microscopic focus of papillary carcinoma (1 mm) adjacent to the large
nodule is identified and presents only on one level of tissue section. Tumor
is confined within the thyroid gland. Two negative lymph nodes.
Radio Iodo Captarea
Valori crescute Valori sczute
Sintez crescut de HTir Sintez scazut de HTir
Hipertiroidism Hipotiroidism primar
(gusa polinodulara, Graves, Plummer) (Hashimoto, ATS, tiroidectomie, 131I)
Depleie hormonal Hipotiroidism secundar
(diaree cronic, sdr. nefrotic) (leziuni hipotalamo-hipofizare)
Sintez normal de HTir Aport exogen de HTir
Caren iodat
Fr scderea sintezei HTir
Aport iodat excesiv
(dieta, medicatie)
Scintiscans of thyroid. The scan on the left is normal. A typical scan of a "cold" thyroid nodule failing to
accumulate iodide isotope is shown on the right.
Premise
GLOBOCAN
Epidemiologie
Aschebrook-Kilfoy B.et.al.,Thyroid,2011.
Carenta iodata
*
Gusa endemica
Indicator Scop
Iodarea srii
Proporia de consum casnic a srii iodate >90%
Ioduria -
proporia sub 100 g/L <50%
proporia sub 50 g/L <20%
Volum tiroidian - copii 6-12 ani
proporia cu gusa (clinic sau eco) <5%
TSH neonatal
proporia cu nivel peste 5 mU/L <3%
Gusa endemica
Patel et al., Delivery of maternal thyroid hormones to the fetus, TEM 2011, 22,
5, 164-170
Hipotiroidismul neonatal
Definiie
Clasificare:
Congenital (1:3000-4000)
Permanent
Tranzitor
Dobandit
4. Diferentiere
8. Mielinizare
Reeaua de conexiuni neurale
este mai puin dens
Creierul cu aport suficient
de iod
Incidenta: 1 la 3.000
14 ani, hipotiroidism
sever congenital
2 luni, hipotiroidism congenital:
fata infiltrata, limba marita
Asemnri ntre Neanderthal si Cretin
Craniu mare
Frunte ngusta
Orbite mari
Maxilar masiv
Ioduria
Simescu et al, Acta Endocrinologica (Buc), vol. II, no. 1, p. 33-44, 2006
Modificari legislative in profilaxia carentei iodate
Simescu et al, Acta Endocrinologica (Buc), vol. II, no. 1, p. 33-44, 2006
Ameliorarea ioduriei
Simescu et al, Acta Endocrinologica (Buc), vol. II, no. 1, p. 33-44, 2006
Centre de screening in Romania-2014
14 zile
20 - 40 zile
Algoritmi
Incidenta PTC
1
Howlader et at, SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975-2008, National Cancer Institute
2
Davies et al, Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States, 1973-2002. JAMA 2006
Strategie de diagnostic si terapie
Nodul tiroidian
unic / multipli
Anamneza Ex obiectiv
Echografie,
TSH, fT4 ATPO
Nodul solid, functie N Nodul solid, functie N Nodul mixt/chistic, Nodul solid, HiperT
<1 cm, fara risc >1 cm, cu risc functie N, >1 cm >1 cm, fara risc
Terapie medicala/
Chirurgie
I131,
Factori de risc
Iradiere cervicala Nodul ferm sau dur, cu limite ru delimitate la palpare
AHC de CMT sau MEN2 Adenopatie latero-cervicala
Vrsta < 20 ani sau > 70 ani Nodul cu dimensiuni in cretere
Sexul masculin Nodul fixat pe esuturile adiacente
Disfonie, disfagie, tuse
Anamneza
Anamneza trebuie sa cuprind urmtoarele informaii
(Recomandare C):
(A) Benign epithelial cells, colloid, and (B) Epithelial cells in a follicular arrangement
occasional macrophages, typical of a "colloid suggesting adenoma, but which could be from
nodule". a follicular carcinoma.
Psammoma bodies: laminated calcified spheres, diagnostic of
papillary cancer
Certain histological variants have higher risk of recurrence:
Tall cell, columnar cell, diffuse sclerosing cell
Factori de risc pt KK Tir
Expunerea la iradiere in copilarie (acnee, hiperplazie timica)
Intre 20-27% din copii iradiati fac noduli tiroidieni (30% din
acestia sunt KK tir)
Cesium 137
Cesium 137
Profilaxia IDD
FNAB
Programe
Epidemiologi
de screening
e
Tratament
medical si Detaliere
chirurgical histologica
Echografie
sensibila