Type of high-rise

Building

Presented By:
Nik Mohammad
B126015
Osama Abdul hafeez
 Introduction & Definition
Emporis Standards defines: A multi-story structure
between 35100 meters tall, or abuildingof unknown
height from 1239 floors.
Or

Ahigh-riseis a tall building or structure: Buildings

between 75 feet and 491 feet (23 m to 150 m) high are
considered high-rises. Buildings taller than 492 feet (150
m) are classified as skyscrapers.
Or
The international conference on fire safety: Any structure
where the height can have a serious impact on
 Demand for high-rise Building
1. Scarcity of land in urban areas
2. Increasing the demand for
business and residential space
3. Economic growth
4. Technological advancements
5. Innovations in structural systems
6. Desire for aesthetics in urban
settings
7. Concept of city skyline
8. Cultural significance and prestige
9. Human aspiration to building
Structural Loads
Gravity loads
Dead loads
Live loads
Snow loads

Lateral loads
Wind loads
Seismic loads

Special load cases

Impact loads
Blast loads
 Construction materials
Materials used for high rise buildings: concrete, steel, glass, cladding
material, high alumina cement used for roofs & floors. It contains bauxite
instead of clay, cement, Portlandcellular
CONCRETE:- cement of lime
concrete stone, silica.
of clay-gypsum &
Advantages are:
invention of light weight concrete.
Plasticity
Easily availability
FERRO CONCRETE:-it is layer of fine mesh
Easy in casting
saturated with cement.
Non corrosive
Can be cast in situ
GUNITE:- it is also known as shot Crete.
Disadvantages are:
compressed air to shoot concrete onto (or
Cost of form
into) a frame or structure. Shot Crete is
Dead weight frequently used against vertical soil or rock
Difficulty in pouring surfaces, as it eliminates the need for
formwork.

GLASS:- float glass with double glass is used in tall

buildings .
Tempered glass is used in tall buildings instead
GEOGRAICAL DISTRIBUTION
OF HIGHRISE
GEOGRAICAL DISTRIBUTION
OF HIGHRISE
 List of Top 10 High-Rise
# Buildings
Building City Floors Height Year
1 Burj Khalifa Dubai 163 828 m 2010
2 Makkah Clock Royal Tower [Abraj Al Makkah 95 601 m 2012
Bait]
3 Taipei 101 Taipei 101 509 m 2004
4 Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai 101 492 m 2008

5 International Commerce Centre Hong Kong 118 484 m 2010

[Union Square]
6 Petronas Tower 1 [Petronas KualaLumpur 88 452 m 1998
Towers]
7 Petronas Tower 2 [Petronas KualaLumpur 88 452 m 1998
Towers]
8 Nanjing Greenland Financial Center Nanjing 66 450 m 2010

9 Willis Tower Chicago 108 442 m 1974

10 Kingkey Finance Tower Shenzhen 100 442 m 2011
 Completed High Rise-Buildings in Pakistan

Sr # Name City Height Floors Year

1 Ocean Towers (formerly Sofitel) Karachi 120 m 394 ft 30 2012

2 MCB Tower Karachi 116 m 381 ft 29 2005

3 Telecom Tower Islamabad 113 m 371 ft 24 2011

4 The Centaurus Tower 1 Islamabad 114m 375 ft 32 2012

5 The Centaurus Tower 2 Islamabad 110m 361 ft 32 2012

6 The Centaurus Tower 3 Islamabad 110m 361 ft 32 2012

7 Arfa Software Technology Park Lahore 106 m 348 ft 19 2011

8 Dolmen City Karachi 102 m 335 ft 21 2011

10 Habib Bank Plaza Karachi 101 m 331 ft 22 1963
11 Chapal Plaza Karachi 101 m 331 ft 22 1985
 Type of High-Rise Structure
1. Braced Frame
2. Rigid Frame Structure
3. Infilled Frame Structure
4. High efficiency Mega-Braced frame system
5. Flat Plate and Flat Slab Structure
6. Shear wall structure
7. Core Structure system
8. Framed tube structure
9. The trussed tube
10.Bundled tube structure
11.Outriggers system
12.Tube in tube
Advantages:-
Girders only participate minimally in the lateral
bracing action-Floor framing design is independent
of its level in the structure.
Can be repetitive up the height of the building with
obvious economy in design and fabrication.

Disadvantages:-
Obstruct the internal planning and the locations of
the windows and doors; for this reason, braced bent
are usually incorporated internally along wall and
partition lines, especially around elevator, stair, and
service shaft.-Diagonal connections are expensive to
fabricate and erect.
The word rigid means ability to resist the
deformation. Rigid frame structures can
be defined as the structures in which
beams & columns are made monolithically
and act collectively to resist the moments
which are generating due to applied load.
Infilled Frame Structure

Most usual form of construction for tall buildings up to 30 stories in height Column and
girder framing of reinforced concrete, or sometimes steel, is in-filled by panels of brickwork,
block work, or cast-in-place concrete. Because of the in-filled serve also as external walls or
internal partitions, the system is an economical way of stiffening and strengthening the
structure. The complex interactive behavior of the infill in the frame, and the rather random
quality of masonry, has made it difficult to predict with accuracy the stiffness and strength
of an in-filled frame.
 Flat-Plate and Flat Slab Structure

Flat plate: The flat plate is a two-way

reinforced concrete framing system utilizing a
slab of uniform thickness, the simplest of
structural shapes.

Flat slab: The flat slab is a two-way reinforced

structural system that includes either drop
panels or column capitals at columns to resist
heavier loads and thus permit longer spans.
 Shear wall system
A type of rigid frame construction.
The shear wall is in steel or concrete to provide greater lateral
rigidity. It is a wall where the entire material of the wall is employed
in the resistance of both horizontal and vertical loads.
Is composed of braced panels (or shear panels) to counter the
effects of lateral load acting on a structure. Wind & earthquake loads
are the most common among the loads.
For skyscrapers, as the size of the structure increases, so
does the size of the supporting wall. Shear walls tend to be used only
in conjunction with other support systems.
 FRAMED-TUBE Dewitt chestnut

STRUCTURES]
The lateral resistant of the framed-tube structures is provided by very
stiff moment-resistant frames that form a tube around the
perimeter
of the building.

The basic inefficiency of the frame system for reinforced concrete

buildings of more than 15 stories resulted in member proportions
of prohibitive size and structural material cost premium, and thus
such system were economically not viable.

The frames consist of 6-12 ft (2-4m) between centers, joined by deep

spandrel girders.

Gravity loading is shared between the tube and interior column or

walls.

When lateral loading acts, the perimeter frame aligned in the direction
of loading acts as the webs of the massive tube of the cantilever,
and those normal to the direction of the loading act as the flanges.
 THE TRUSSED TUBE Recently the use of perimeter diagonals
The trussed tube system represents a classic thus
solution for a tube uniquely suited to the qualities the term DIAGRID - for structural
and character of structural steel. effectiveness
and lattice-like aesthetics has generated
Interconnect all exterior columns to form a rigid renewed
box, which can resist lateral shears by axial in its
interest in architectural and structural
members rather than through flexure.
designers
Introducing a minimum number of diagonals on of tall buildings.
each faade and making the diagonal intersect at
the same point at the corner column.

The system is tubular in that the fascia diagonals

not only form a truss in the plane, but also interact
with the trusses on the perpendicular faces to Introducing a
affect the tubular behavior. This creates the x form minimum number of
diagonals on each
between corner columns on each faade.
faade and
making the diagonal
Relatively broad column spacing can resulted large intersect at the same
clear spaces for windows, a particular point at Hancock
John the corner
characteristic of steel buildings. column
Center introduced
trussed tube
The faade diagonalization serves to equalize the design.
NDLED TUBE SYSTEM
The concept allows for wider
column spacing in the tubular
walls than would be possible with
Sears Tower,
only the exterior frame tube form. Chicago.

The spacing which make it

possible to place interior frame
Burj Khalifa,
lines without seriously Dubai.
compromising interior space
planning.

The ability to modulate the cells

vertically can create a powerful
vocabulary for a variety of
dynamic shapes therefore offers
 TUBE-IN-TUBE
This variation of the framed Lumbago Tatung
SYSTEM
tube consists of an outer frame Haji Building,
tube, the Hull, together Kuala Lumpur
with an internal elevator and
service core.
The Hull and core act jointly in
resisting both gravity and
lateral loading.

The outer framed tube and the

inner core interact horizontally
as the shear and flexural
components of a wall-frame
structure, with the benefit of
increased lateral stiffness.

The structural tube usually

 Makkah Clock Royal
Burj khalifa
Tower
Taipei 101
International Commerce Petronas Towers
Centre
Wills Tower Kingkey Finance Tower
Thank
you