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Compensatory Behaviors
Purging
Self-induced vomiting, diuretics,
laxatives
Some exercise excessively, whereas
others fast
Bulimia Nervosa: Overview and Defining
Features (continued)
Associated Features
Most show marked disturbance in body
image
Most are comorbid for other psychological
disorders
Methods of weight loss have life
threatening consequences
Binge-Eating Disorder: Overview and
Defining Features
Associated Features
Many persons with binge-eating disorder
are obese
Concerns about shape and weight
Often older than bulimics and anorexics
More psychopathology vs. non-binging
obese people
Bulimia and Anorexia: Facts and Statistics
Bulimia
Majority are female
Onset around 16 to 19 years of age
Lifetime prevalence is about 1.1% for
females, 0.1% for males
6-8% of college women suffer from bulimia
Tends to be chronic if left untreated
Bulimia and Anorexia: Facts and Statistics
(continued)
Anorexia
Majority are female and white
From middle-to-upper middle class families
Usually develops around age 13 or early
adolescence
More chronic and resistant to treatment
than bulimia
Both Bulimia and Anorexia Are Found in
Westernized Cultures
Causes of Bulimia and Anorexia: Toward an
Integrative Model
Psychosocial Treatments
Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)
Is the treatment of choice
Basic components of CBT
Interpersonal psychotherapy
Results in long-term gains similar to
CBT
Goals of Psychological Treatment of
Anorexia Nervosa
Medical Treatment
Sibutramine (Meridia)
Psychological Treatment
CBT
Similar to that used for bulimia
Appears efficacious
Medical and Psychological Treatment of
Binge Eating Disorder (continued)
Interpersonal psychotherapy
Equally as effective as CBT
Self-help techniques
Also appear effective
Obesity: Background and Overview
Causes
Obesity is related to technological
advancement
Genetics account for about 30% of obesity
cases
Biological and psychosocial factors
contribute as well
Obesity Treatment
Treatment
Moderate success with adults
Greater success with children and
adolescents
Treatment Progression -- From least-to-most
intrusive options
Obesity Treatment (continued)
First step
Self-directed weight loss programs
Second step
Commercial self-help programs
Third step
Behavior modification programs
Last step
Bariatric surgery
Sleep Disorders: An Overview
Associated Features
Cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic
hallucinations
Daytime sleepiness does not remit without
treatment
The Dyssomnias: Overview of Breathing-
Related Sleep Disorders
Insomnia
Benzodiazepines and over-the-counter
sleep medications
Prolonged use
Can cause rebound insomnia,
dependence
Best as short-term solution
Medical Treatments (continued)
Phase delays
Moving bedtime later (best approach)
Phase advances
Moving bedtime earlier (more difficult)
Use of very bright light
Trick the brains biological clock
Psychological Treatments
Combined Treatments
Insomnia Short-term medication plus
psychotherapy
Other Dyssomnias
Little evidence for the efficacy of
combined treatments
The Parasomnias: Nature and General
Overview
Nature of Parasomnias
The problem is not with sleep itself
Problem is abnormal events during sleep,
or shortly after waking
The Parasomnias: Nature and General
Overview (continued)
Nightmare Disorder
Occurs during REM sleep
Involves distressful and disturbing dreams
Such dreams interfere with daily life
functioning and interrupt sleep
The Parasomnias: Overview of Nightmare
Disorder (continued)
Related Conditions
Nocturnal eating syndrome Person eats
while asleep
Summary of Eating and Sleep Disorders