Chapter 10 Part C

The Muscular
System

PowerPoint Lecture Slides

prepared by
Karen Dunbar Kareiva
Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images
2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Ivy Tech Community College
 Table 10.9: Muscles Crossing the Shoulder
Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)
Nine muscles cross shoulder joint
Insert on and move humerus
Some originate from scapula, others from axial
skeleton
Actions include flexion, extension, adduction,
abduction, and rotation of humerus
Three prime movers of arm
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid
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 Table 10.9: Muscles Crossing the Shoulder
Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)
(cont.)
Rotator cuff muscles act as synergists and
fixators; originate on scapula; reinforce shoulder
capsule; prevent dislocation
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Coracobrachialis and teres major: synergists

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Table 10.9-1 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)

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Table 10.9-1 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)

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Figure 10.15a Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively.
Clavicle

Deltoid

Sternum

Pectoralis
major
Coracobrachialis
Triceps brachii:
Lateral head
Long head
Medial head
Biceps brachii

Brachialis
Brachio-
radialis

Anterior view
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Table 10.9-2 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)

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Table 10.9-2 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)

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Table 10.9-3 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)

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Table 10.9-3 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)

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Figure 10.15b Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively.
Supraspinatus*

Spine of scapula
Deltoid (cut)
Greater tubercle
of humerus
Infraspinatus*

Teres minor*

Teres major

Triceps brachii:
Lateral head
Long head

Latissimus dorsi

Humerus
Olecranon
of ulna

Anconeus

Posterior view
*Rotator cuff muscles
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Figure 10.15c-d Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively.

O O

Long head
Biceps
Short head
brachii

O origin
insertion

O
Subscapularis*

O Coracobrachialis

Brachialis

*Rotator cuff muscles

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 Table 10.10: Muscles Crossing the Elbow
Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm
Walls of fascia divide arm into two
compartments
Anterior muscles
Brachialis and biceps brachiichief forearm flexors
Brachioradialissynergist and stabilizer
Posterior muscles
Triceps brachiiprime mover of forearm extension
Anconeusweak synergist

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Table 10.10-1 Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm

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Figure 10.15b Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively.
Supraspinatus*

Spine of scapula
Deltoid (cut)
Greater tubercle
of humerus
Infraspinatus*

Teres minor*

Teres major

Triceps brachii:
Lateral head
Long head

Latissimus dorsi

Humerus
Olecranon
of ulna

Anconeus

Posterior view
*Rotator cuff muscles
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Table 10.10-2 Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm (continued)

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Figure 10.15a Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively.
Clavicle

Deltoid

Sternum

Pectoralis
major
Coracobrachialis
Triceps brachii:
Lateral head
Long head
Medial head
Biceps brachii

Brachialis
Brachio-
radialis

Anterior view
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 Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm:
Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers
Divided into anterior and posterior muscles
Most anterior muscles are flexors; insert via
flexor retinaculum
Most posterior muscles are extensors; insert via
extensor retinaculum
Further divided into superficial and deep
muscles

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 Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm:
Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers
(cont.)
Actions: movements of wrist, fingers, thumb, as
well as pronation and supination of forearm
Pronator teres and pronator quadratus
pronate forearm
Supinator: synergist with biceps brachii in
forearm supination

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 Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm:
Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers
(cont.)
Anterior muscles
Consist of five superficial and three deep
muscles
Most arise from common flexor tendon attached
to medial epicondyle of humerus
Most tendons of insertion held in place at wrist
by flexor retinaculum

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 Muscles of the Forearm: Anterior
Compartment
Flexors
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum muscles (superficialis and
profundus)
Flexor pollicis longus

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Table 10.11-1 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

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Table 10.11-2 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (continued)

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Figure 10.16a Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers.

Superficial
transverse
ligament of palm

Palmar
aponeurosis

Flexor
retinaculum
Pronator
quadratus
Flexor digitorum
superficialis Flexor
pollicis
Flexor carpi longus
ulnaris
Palmaris longus Extensor carpi
radialis longus
Flexor carpi
Brachio-
radialis
radialis
Pronator
teres
Tendon of
Medial epicondyle
biceps brachii
of humerus
Medial head of Biceps brachii
triceps brachii
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Figure 10.16b Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers.

Tendon of
flexor
digitorum
superficialis

Tendon of
brachioradialis
(cut)
Tendon of flexor
Pronator carpi ulnaris (cut)
quadratus Tendon of flexor
carpi radialis (cut)
Flexor
pollicis
longus
Flexor
digitorum
superficialis
Extensor carpi
radialis longus
Supinator

Tendon of
biceps brachii
(cut)
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Figure 10.16c Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers.

Tendon of flexor
Tendon of digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum (cut)
profundus
Lumbricals

Tendon of flexor
pollicis longus
Thenar muscles
of thumb
Tendon of flexor
carpi ulnaris (cut) Pronator quadratus

Flexor pollicis
longus

Flexor digitorum
profundus
Supinator

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 Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm:
Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers
(cont.)
Posterior muscles
Consists of four superficial and four deep
muscles
All are innervated by the radial nerve or its
branches
Most arise from common flexor tendon attached
to lateral epicondyle of humerus
Most tendons of insertion held in place at wrist
by extensor retinaculum

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 Muscles of the Forearm: Posterior
Compartment
Extensors
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor pollicis brevis and longus
Extensor indicis
Abductor pollicis longus

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Table 10.11-3 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (continued)

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Table 10.11-4 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (continued)

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Figure 10.17a Muscles of the posterior fascial compartment of the right forearm acting on the wrist and fingers.

Extensor expansion

Tendons of
extensor Tendons of extensor
digitorum carpi radialis brevis
and longus
Extensor pollicis
longus Extensor indicis
Extensor pollicis Extensor digiti minimi
brevis

Abductor Extensor carpi

pollicis longus ulnaris

Extensor digitorum
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi
radialis brevis
Anconeus

Extensor carpi Insertion of

radialis longus triceps brachii
Brachioradialis

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Figure 10.17b Muscles of the posterior fascial compartment of the right forearm acting on the wrist and fingers.

Interossei

Extensor indicis

Extensor pollicis
brevis
Extensor pollicis
longus
Abductor pollicis
longus

Supinator

Anconeus

Olecranon of ulna

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Table 10.12-1 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand

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Table 10.12-2 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand (continued)

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Table 10.12-3 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand (continued)

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Figure 10.18a Summary: Actions of muscles of the right arm and forearm.

Key:
Extensors
Flexors
Others

Lateral
head Posterior compartment of arm
Triceps Long
(extends elbow); innervated by
brachii head
Medial radial nerve
head

Humerus
Brachialis

Short head Biceps brachii

Long head

Muscles of the arm

Anterior compartment of arm

(flexes elbow); innervated by
musculocutaneous nerve
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Figure 10.18b Summary: Actions of muscles of the right arm and forearm.

Key:
Extensors
Flexors
Others

Posterior compartment of forearm Extensors

(extends wrist and fingers); innervated
by radial nerve
Radius Ulna
Abductor pollicis
longus
Others Pronator teres
Flexors
Brachioradialis
(elbow flexor)

Muscles of the forearm

Anterior compartment of forearm

(flexes wrist and fingers);
innervated by median or ulnar nerve
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 Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand:
Fine Movements of the Fingers
Small, weak muscles that lie entirely within palm
of hand control precise movements of
metacarpals and fingers (example: threading a
needle)
Abductors and adductors of fingers produce
oppositionmove thumb toward little finger
Flexion: thumb bends medially along palm, and
fingers bend anteriorly
Extension: thumb points laterally, and fingers
move posteriorly

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 Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand:
Fine Movements of the Fingers (cont.)
Flexion and extension

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 Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand:
Fine Movements of the Fingers (cont.)
Abduction and adduction

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 Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand:
Fine Movements of the Fingers (cont.)
Three muscle groups
Thenar eminence (ball of thumb)
Hypothenar eminence (ball of the little finger)
Each of above groups has flexor, abductor, and
opponens muscle
Midpalmar muscles: lumbricals and palmar and
dorsal interossei extend fingers
Interossei muscles also abduct and adduct
fingers

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Table 10.13-1 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers

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Table 10.13-2 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers (continued)

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Table 10.13-3 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers (continued)

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Figure 10.19a Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.

Tendons of:
Flexor digitorum
profundus
Fibrous sheath
Flexor digitorum
superficialis Second lumbrical

Third Dorsal interossei

lumbrical First lumbrical
Adductor pollicis
Fourth
lumbrical Flexor pollicis
brevis
Opponens
digiti minimi Abductor
pollicis
Flexor digiti brevis
minimi brevis Opponens
pollicis
Abductor
digiti minimi Flexor
retinaculum
Pisiform bone Abductor pollicis
Flexor carpi longus
ulnaris tendon Tendons of:
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum
Flexor carpi radialis
superficialis
Flexor pollicis longus
tendons
First superficial layer
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Figure 10.19b Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.

Flexor digitorum
profundus tendon

Flexor
digitorum
superficialis
tendon

Dorsal
interossei
Palmar Adductor
interossei pollicis
Opponens Flexor
digiti minimi pollicis
Flexor digiti brevis
minimi brevis Abductor
(cut) pollicis
brevis
Abductor
digiti minimi
Opponens
(cut)
pollicis
Flexor pollicis
longus tendon
Second layer
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Figure 10.19c Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.

Palmar
interossei

Palmar interossei (isolated)

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Figure 10.19d Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.

Dorsal
interossei

Dorsal interossei (isolated)

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