Flow regimes

Steady state flow

Flow regimes
Inflow Performance Relationship

Skin Damage

The area of the formation that is damaged because of the

invasion of foreign substances into the exposed section
of the formation adjacent to the wellbore during drilling
and completion.

A dimensionless estimation of obstruction to flow.

An undamaged well would have a skin of zero.

A damaged well has a positive skin above zero

and a stimulated well has a negative skin.

Inflow Performance Relationship

Skin Damage

Additional pressure drop due to reduced permeability in the damaged zone

Inflow Performance Relationship

Types of Skin Damage

Chemical swelling of clays due to contact with fresh water,

plugging pore throats

Mechanical Fines blocking pore throats

Formation damage can occur:

1. During drilling
2. During completion
3. During workover
4. During Production Phase
Inflow Performance Relationship

Types of Skin Damage

During Drilling
- Mud solids block pores, vugs, natural fractures
- Mud filtrate invasion swelling
- Pores, fractures may be sealed by action of the drill string
- Loss Circulation

plugging pore throats

Mechanical Fines blocking pore throats

Inflow Performance Relationship

Types of Skin Damage

During Completion / Workover

- Plugged Perforations from charge debris

- Poor quality completion fluid
- Incompatible fluids
- Scale deposition, pipe dope

During Production Phase

- Dirty packer fluid being dumped when pulling packer

- Chemical injection
- Precipitated scale
- Wax formation