Petroleum Engineering 406

Lesson 20
Directional Drilling
(continued)

1
Lesson 17
- Directional Drilling contd

Tool-Face Angle
Ouija Board
Dogleg Severity
Reverse Torque of Mud Motor
Examples

2
 Homework:
READ:
Applied Drilling Engineering, Chapter 8
(to page 375)

3
 Solution Tool Face ()

Fig. 8. 30: Graphical Ouija Analysis.

4
 Over one drilled interval (bit run)
GIVEN:
o Solution Tool Face ()
= 16
o
= 12
o
= 12 o
n - 1 2
l in a t i o
w In c
Ne = 12 o

o
Initial Inclination = 16
o
=?
o
=?
Fig. 8. 30: Graphical Ouija Analysis.
5
 Fig. 8.33
Basis of chart
construction is a
trigonometric
relationship
illustrated by two
intersecting
planes

= dogleg angle

6
Problem 1
Determine the new direction ( ) for a
whipstock set at 705 m with a tool-face
setting of 450 degrees right of high side
for a course length of 10 m.

The inclination is 70 and the direction is

N15W. The curve of the whipstock will
cause a total angle change of 30/30 m.

7
Problem 1

= 7o (inclination)
= 345o (azimuth)
o
= 45
= 45o (tool face angle)
L = 10 m (course length)
= 3o/ 30 m (dogleg severity)
= ? o
8
Solution to Problem 1, part 1

I. Use Equation 8.43 to calculate .

The dogleg severity,

(i)
L
L 3 10 m

1o

i 30 m
9
 Solution to Problem 1, part 2
2. Use Equation 8.42 to calculate the
direction change.
tan sin
arc tan
sin tan cos cos
1
tan 1 sin 45
tan
sin 7 tan 1 cos 7 cos 45

1
tan 0.092027 5.3

New direction =3450 +5.30 = 350.30 = N9.7W

10
Problem 2
Determine where to set the tool face angle,
for a jetting bit to go from a direction of
100 to 300 and from an inclination of 30 to 50.
Also calculate the dogleg severity, assuming

that the trajectory change takes 60 ft.

= 3 N 5

= 10
N 30

Find and L 60 ft
11
 Solution to Problem 2, part 1

1. Find using Equation 8.53

cos 1 cos sin N sin cos N cos

cos 1
cos 20 o
sin 5 sin 3 cos 5 cos 3
o o o o

1
cos 0.999116 2.4097 o

12
Solution to Problem 2, part 2

2. Now calculate from equation 8.48.

1 cos cos cos N

cos
sin sin
cos 3 o cos 2.4097 o cos 5 o
cos 1 o o
sin 3 sin 2.4097
cos 1 0.7052 45.15 o
13
Solution to Problem 2, part 3

3. The dogleg severity,

o
2.4097
(i) 100
L 60
= 4.01o / 100 ft

Alternate solution: Use Ouija Board

14
Fig. 8.31: Solution to Example 8.6.
15
Problem 3
Determine the dogleg severity following a
jetting run where the inclination was changed
from 4.3o to 7.1o and the direction from N89E
to S80E over a drilled interval of 85 feet.
1. Solve by calculation.
2. Solve using Ragland diagram
4 .3 o
N 7.1 o

89 o L = 85 ft N 100 o

= 7.1 - 4.3 = 2.8. = 100 - 89 = 11

16
 Solution to Problem 3, part 1
1. From Equation 8.55
1/ 2
1 2 2 N
2 sin sin sin
2
sin
2 2 2
1/ 2
1 2.8 2 11 2 4.3 7.1
2 sin sin sin
2
sin
2 2 2

= 3.01 o

17
Solution to Problem 3, part 1
1. From Equation 8.43
the dogleg severity,

3.01
(i) 100
L 85

3.5 / 100 feet

o

18
Solution to Problem 3, part 2

2. Construct line of length (4.3o)

Measure angle (11o )
Construct line of length N (7.1o)
Measure length
(Measure angle ) 4.3
o
11
Ragland Diagram 7.1
19
 Some Equations to Calculate
Eq. 8.53
arc cos(cos sin N sin cos cos N )

Eq. 8.54
cos cos sinN sin cos sin sin N

Eq. 8.55
2 2 N
2 arc sin sin 2
sin sin
2 2 2
20
Overall Angle Change and
Dogleg Severity

Equation 8.51 derived by Lubinski is used to

construct Figure 8.32,

a nomograph for determining

the total angle change and
the dogleg severity, .

21
Fig. 8.32: Chart
for determining
dogleg severity
22
 o
= 5.7 o
= 2.8

o
o =3
= 11

o
= 3.5 /100 ft

23

o
= 5.7

o
= 11
24
 o
= 2.8

o
=3

25
 o
=3

o
= 3.5 /100 ft
26
 o
= 5.7 o
= 2.8

o
o =3
= 11

o
= 3.5 /100 ft

27
Problem 4 - Torque and Twist
1.Calculate the total angle change of 3,650
ft. of 4 1/2 inches (3.826 ID) Grade E
16.60 #/ft drill pipe and 300 ft. of 7 drill
collars (2 13/16 ID) for a bit-generated
torque of 1,000 ft-lbf. Assume that the
motor has the same properties as the 7
drill collars. Shear modules of steel, G =
11.5*106 psi.
2. What would be the total angle change if
7,300 ft. of drill pipe were used?
28
Solution to Problem 4
From Equation 8.56,

ML ML ML
M
GJ motor GJ BHA GJ drillstring

for Pipe, J

32

OD ID
4 4
32

4.5 4 3.826 4 19.22 in4

for Collars, J
4
32

7 2.813 4 229.6 in 4
29
 Solution to Problem 4, cont.
M L L
M radians
G J collars J pipe
in
1,000 ft.lbs 12 300 12in 3,650 12 in
ft

lbf 229.6 in
4 4
19.22 in
11 .5 10 2
in

0.001043 15.68 2,278.88 2.394 radians

180 deg
2.394 rad 137.2o
rad
30
Solution to Problem 4, cont.

If Length of drillpipe = 7,300 ft.,

M = 0.001043 15.68+2*2278.88]

180 deg
= 4.77 radians *
rad

M 273.3 o
~ 3/4 revolution!

137.2 31
Example 8.10
Design a kickoff for the wellbore in Fig. 8.35.

= S48W = 228o N = N53W = 307o

= 2o L = 150 ft N = 6 o

= 79o Find and

From Ouija Board,

32
 New Where to Set the Tool Face
Direction

High
Side High
Side
Present Direction

Fig. 8.36: Solution for Example 8.10.

33
 Dogleg Severity
From Equation 8.43
the dogleg severity,

5 .8
(i) 100
L 150

3.87 / 100 feet o

34
 o
With jetting bit: 325 345
o

o
307
o M = 20

Fig. 8.36:
Solution
for
Example 228
o

8.10.
35
 Tool Face Where to Set the Tool Face
Setting
Compensating for Reverse
New Torque of the Motor
Direction

High Present
Side Direction

High
Side

Fig. 8.36: Solution for Example 8.10.

36