Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1/3).
What are the Functions of the Gut?
Digestion
Absorption
Protection
Stimulation of Saliva
Pilocarpine 5mg po tid
Anatomy and Physiology of
Digestive System - Esophagus
Esophagus
Stomach: F
Gastroesophageal
Junction u
Cardia
Stores, mixes,
n
d
Incisura Body u
and grinds s
Pylorus Antrum
food to form
Duodenal
an emulsion Bulb
Anatomy and Physiology of
Digestive System - Stomach
Hydrochloric acid
from parietal cells Surface Epithelial Cell
(Pepsin) from
zymogen (chief) Zymogen Cell
Lymph Nodule
Argentaffine Cell
Submucosa
proteolysis
Pyloric Glands
Gastric or Fundic Glands
Anatomy and Physiology of
Digestive System - Stomach
Gastric mucosa
Villus
Jejunum Ileum
Digestion and Absorption - ???
Poor question
A. 3 tennis courts
B. 5 tennis courts
C. 1 tennis court
D. 10 tennis
courts
Digestion and Absorption - ???
Poor question
A. 3 tennis courts
B. 5 tennis courts
C. 1 tennis court
D. 10 tennis
courts
Digestion and Absorption - ???
Poor question
A. 1/3 C. 2/3
B. 1/2 D. 3/4
Digestion and Absorption - ???
Poor question
A. 1/3 C. 2/3
B. 1/2 D. 3/4
Digestion and Absorption - ???
It is always better to know the amount of bowel
remaining following surgical resection rather than
the amount resectedBetter question:
A patient is likely to, but not always, require
HTPN if only the following amount of small
bowel can be saved at the time of surgery:
A. 10 feet C. 3 feet
B. 5 feet D. 1 foot
Digestion and Absorption - ???
It is always better to know the amount of bowel
remaining following surgical resection rather than
the amount resectedBetter question:
A patient is likely to, but not always, require
HTPN if only the following amount of small
bowel can be saved at the time of surgery:
A. 10 feet C. 3 feet
B. 5 feet D. 1 foot
Digestion and Absorption
5. What nutrient
deficiency might be
expected if 3 feet
of the terminal
ileum is resected?
5. What nutrient
deficiency might be
expected if 3 feet
of the terminal
ileum is resected?
C. Vit B-
A. Iron
12
B. D.
Magnesium Calcium
Sites of Nutrient
Absorption
Much harder
question
6. What nutrient
deficiency might be
expected if 3 feet
of the terminal
ileum is resected?
C. Vit B-
A. Iron
12
B.
D. Fat
Magnesium
Absorption of Water
C. Magnesium
A. Zinc Sulfate
Chloride
B. Sodium Chloride D.Medium-Chain Fat
Digestion and Absorption - ???
C. Magnesium
A. Zinc Sulfate
Chloride
B. Sodium Chloride D.Medium-Chain Fat
Absorption of Water
Chloride passively
follows absorption
of sodium
Absorption of Sodium and
Chloride Distal Ileum and
Colon
Neutral NaCl co-transport, Na+ for H+ and
Cl for HC03
Absorption of Potassium
in Small Bowel
A. Zinc C. Magnesium
B. Sodium D. Copper
Digestion and Absorption - ???
Good question
A. Zinc C. Magnesium
B. Sodium D. Copper
Absorption of Copper
Dietary copper is absorbed in stomach
and duodenum
Active process requires energy and
involves absorption of complexes of
copper and amino acids
Copper is excreted by bile
urine losses = ~1-2% of intake
Digestion and Absorption - ???
Good question
A. Zinc C. Magnesium
B. Sodium D. Copper
Digestion and Absorption - ???
Good question
A. Zinc C. Magnesium
B. Sodium D. Copper
Absorption of Zinc
A. True
B. False
Digestion and Absorption - ???
Good question
A. True
B. False
Absorption of Iron
Iron is absorbed in duodenum
ferrous salt > ferric salt
At brush border, ferrous ion oxidized to
ferric and transported by various brush
border carrier proteins - regulated by
bodys need for iron
At pharmacologic doses, passive
diffusion occurs
Digestion and Absorption - ???
Good question
A. Starch C. Lactose
B. Sucrose D. Fructose
Digestion and Absorption - ???
Good question
A. Starch C. Lactose
B. Sucrose D. Fructose
Average Carbohydrate Intake
Saccharides Intake (gm) % Total
Polysaccharides
Starch 200 64
Glycogen 1 0.5
Disaccharides
Sucrose 80 26
Lactose 20 6.5
Monosaccharide
Fructose 10 3
Carbohydrate Digestion and
Absorption
Luminal phase
Brush-border phase
Hydrolysis by glycosidases to
monosaccharides:
Galactos
GLUT2
e
GLUT5 Fructose
GLUT2 Glucose
SGLT1
Fiber Digestion and
Absorption
Non-starch carbohydrate of plant origin
that escapes enzymatic digestion in the
small intestine
Two types
Cellulosic: high molecular weight, non-
soluble (cellulose, wheat bran)
Noncellulosic: soluble (hemicelluloses,
pectin, gums, mucilages)
Digestion and Absorption - ???
Good question
A. Cellulosic
B. Non Cellulosic
Digestion and Absorption - ???
Good question
A. Cellulosic
B. Non Cellulosic
Fiber Digestion and
Absorption
Non Cellulosic fiber is degraded rapidly
by anaerobic microflora of cecum and
colon (fermentation) to give short-chain
fatty acids:
96% of ingested
fat is absorbed daily
C. Chenodeoxycholic
A. Arachidonic acids
acids
B. Medium-chain fatty
D. Picric acids
acids
Digestion and Absorption - ???
Good question
12. Which of the following fatty acid(s) is
absorbed directly into the enterocyte without
micelle formation?
C. Chenodeoxycholic
A. Arachidonic acids
acids
B. Medium-chain fatty
D. Picric acids
acids
Fat Digestion and Absorption
A. GLUT5 C. PepT1
B. Endopeptidase D. SGLT1
Digestion and Absorption - ???
Good question
A. GLUT5 C. PepT1
B. Endopeptidase D. SGLT1
Protein Digestion and
Absorption
There is a H+ dependent di- and
tripeptide transport system (PepT1
Transporter)
Good Luck !!