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Female infertility can be caused by ovulation disorders, hyperprolactinemia, uterine abnormalities, cervical mucus problems, or endometriosis. Treatment options include ovulation inducing drugs, prolactin-suppressing drugs, surgical procedures, intrauterine insemination, or assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization. The success of treatments depends on factors like the woman's age, treatment used, and presence of other infertility issues.
Female infertility can be caused by ovulation disorders, hyperprolactinemia, uterine abnormalities, cervical mucus problems, or endometriosis. Treatment options include ovulation inducing drugs, prolactin-suppressing drugs, surgical procedures, intrauterine insemination, or assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization. The success of treatments depends on factors like the woman's age, treatment used, and presence of other infertility issues.
Female infertility can be caused by ovulation disorders, hyperprolactinemia, uterine abnormalities, cervical mucus problems, or endometriosis. Treatment options include ovulation inducing drugs, prolactin-suppressing drugs, surgical procedures, intrauterine insemination, or assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization. The success of treatments depends on factors like the woman's age, treatment used, and presence of other infertility issues.
Endometriosis procedure Treatment of Female Infertility: Induction of Ovulation Medications: stimulate development of one or more mature follicles Success rates depends on: Age of the woman
Type of medication used
Presence of other
infertility factors Ovulation Induction Agents
Medications Mode of action
Clomiphene citrate Induce release of gonadotropins Gonadotropin Similar structure to natural GnRH, releasing hormone provoke massive release of GnRH into analogues blood circulation Human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG), Gonadotropins which contains equal FSH and LH quantity Bromocriptine Suppress production of prolactin Treatment of Female Infertility: Intrauterine Insemination Sperm are washed, concentrated and injected directly into a womans uterus Increases the number of sperm in the fallopian tubes Not recommended: tubal blockage, poor egg quality, ovarian failure and severe male factor infertility Most successful when coupled with drugs inducing ovulation (success rates of 5% to 20% per cycle) Treatment of Female Infertility: Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Noncoital method of conception: surgically removing eggs from a womans ovaries, combining them with sperm in the laboratory, and returning them to the womans body Includes all fertility treatments in which both eggs and sperm are manipulated Types of ART include: In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT) Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)
Another ART procedure Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is
used mainly in cases of male infertility to treat couples who cannot achieve fertilization due to the male partners extremely low number of normal, viable sperm. AVF Gamete Intra- Zygote Intra- In-vitro fallopian Transfer fallopian Transfer Fertilization (IVF) (GIFT) (ZIFT) Retrieve eggs and Ovarian stimulation Also called tubal sperm from Retrieval of eggs embryo transfer partners Place mixture of Place them in a lab dish to enhance sperm and eggs Description directly into the fertilization Fertilized eggs are womans fallopian transferred several tube days later into the uterus Ovarian stimulation Does not allow Actual fertilization drugs are used prior visual confirmation takes place in a to procedure in to of fertilization lab dish Explanatio retrieve several Woman should have Fertilized eggs are n eggs and maximize at least 1 placed directly chances for undamaged into a fallopian successful fallopian tube tube fertilization Success 20% per egg retrieval 28% per egg retrieval 29% per egg rate retrieval Treatment Possibilities: Male Infertility Varicocele Surgical treatment
Low sperm Intrauterine insemination (donors
count/ or patients sperm; if culturally Azoospermia acceptable)
Poor sperm Intrauterine insemination
quality
ART procedures GIFT, IVF, ICSI
*Donor sperm should be free from HIV and STDs.
ART: Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Injection of single sperm into the egg (active, undamaged) Woman: fertility drugs prior to the procedure to aid in the production of multiple eggs Eggs are observed to see if fertilization takes place average fertilization rate is 65% Implantation into the uterus takes place within 72 hours after ICSI Success rates range from 15% to 35% per egg retrieval Infertility: Summary Infertility is a significant social and medical problem affecting couples worldwide Female and male factors are equally responsible Evaluation of both partners is essential Treatment depends on the cause of infertility and varies from ovulation- inducing drugs to surgery and ART
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