Pengolahan Sinyal-HBD

PERTEMUAN 1
 The Signals and Systems
Abstraction

Describe a system (physical, mathematical, or computational) by

the way it transforms an input signal into an output signal
Example: Mass and Spring
 Signals and Systems: Widely
Applicable

The Signals and

Systems approach
has broad
application:
electrical,
mechanical, optical,
acoustic, biological,
financial, ...
What is a signal?

Signals are mathematical functions.

independent variable = time
dependent variable = voltage, flow rate, sound pressure
A signal carries information
Examples: speech, music, seismic, image and video
A signal can be a function of one, two or N independent variables
Speech is a 1-D signal as a function of time
An image is a 2-D signal as a function of space
Video is a 3-D signal as a function of space and time
 More Example Signals
position EEG Stock price & volume

time
DTMF

Video

time time
Size of a Signal x(t)
Size of a Signal x(t)
Signals Classification

1. Continuous-time and discrete-time signals

2. Analogue and digital signals
3. Periodic and aperiodic signals
4. Deterministic and random signals
5. Causal and non-causal
6. Even and Odd signals
Continuous-time and discrete-time
signals
Analogue and digital signals
Periodic and aperiodic signals
Deterministic and random signals
Causal and non-causal
Even and Odd signals
Signal Models (1) Unit Step Function

u(t) Unit Step Continuous

1
1 ,t 0
t
0 ,t 0

Unit Step Discrete

u[n]
1 ,n 0
1

n 0 ,n 0
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
 Signal Models (2) Unit Impulse
Function
Unit Impulse Continuous
Unit Impuls Discrete
1
du (t ) , t
(t ) lim 2 2
0 dt 0 1 ,n 0
, otherwise [ n]
0 ,n 0
0 ,t 0 (t)
(t )
,t 0 [n]
0
1
(t )dt 1

t n
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
Sampling: converting CT signals to
DT

Important for computational manipulation of physical data.

digital representations of audio signals (e.g., MP3)
digital representations of images (e.g., JPEG)
Reference

www.ee.ic.ac.uk/pcheung/
http://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE446 Fall 2003
mit.edu/6.003
Signals and Systems with MATLAB Computing and Simulink Modeling
Fourth Edition Steven T. Karris
Slide Signal&System Jurusan Elektro STT Telkom