Presentation On Mobile Cranes1124

CRANES
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INTRODUCTION
A crane is a Tower or derrick equipped with cables and pulleys

that is used to lift and lower materials. Cranes are commonly
used in the construction industry and in manufacturing heavy
equipment. Construction cranes are usually temporary
structures, either fixed to the ground or mounted on a purpose-
built vehicle. Cranes may either be controlled from an operator in
a cab that travels with the crane, by a pushbutton pendant
control station, or by infrared or radio control. Where a cab
operator is employed, workers on the ground will communicate
with the operator through a system of standardized hand-signals
or, in larger installations, radio systems; an experienced crew
can position loads with great precision using only these signals.
The largest revolving cranes in the world can be found on crane
vessels.
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Types of Cranes
Mobile
Hydraulic
Overhead
Gantry
Tower
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WHEEL MOUNTED PICK AND CARRY CRANE
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WHEEL MOUNTED TELESCOPIC CRANE
WHEEL MOUNTED
TELESCOPIC CRANE WITH
SINGLE POINT CONTROL
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WHEEL MOUNTED TELESCOPIC CRANE
WHEEL MOUNTED TELESCOPIC

CRANE WITH MULTI POINT
CONTROL
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TYPES OF CRANES
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TOWER CRANE
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TYPES OF CRANES
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Standard Boom
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Crane Parts
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Definitions
Crane Consists of a rotating structure for lifting and lowering horizontally on
rubber tires or crawler treads
Hoist - Used to lift and lower load.
Boom An inclined spar, strut, or other long member supporting the hoisting
tackle
Boom stops A device used to limit the angle of the boom at its highest
position
Brake To slow or stop motion by friction or power
Block Sheaves or grooved pulleys in a frame with hook, eye and strap
Jib Extension attached to the boom point to provide added boom length for
lifting specified loads.
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Fly Jib
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Fixed Jib
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Luffing Jib
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RINGER ATTACHMENT
RINGER
ATTACHMENT
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RINGER ATTACHMENT
RINGER
ATTACHMENT
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Crane Inspection Guidelines
Preinspection
Crane Set up
Electrical Hazards
Load Charts
Safe operating precautions
Inspection Types
Starting the inspection
Specific inspection Items and references
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Placement of the Crane
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Load Chart
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Load
Chart
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Crane Signals
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Crane Signals
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Crane Signals
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Planning Before Start-Up
Level the crane and ensure support surface is firm and able to support the
load
Contact power line owners and determine precautions. Know the location
and voltage of overhead power lines.
Know the basic crane capacities, limitations, and job site restrictions, such
as the location of power lines, unstable soil, or high winds.
Make other personnel aware of hoisting activities.
Barricade areas within swing radius.
Ensure proper maintenance and inspections.
Determine safe areas to store materials and place machinery.
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Know the Weight of the Load
Refer to shipping ticket or other documentation

Ensure lift calculations are correct
Ensure load is within load chart rating for boom length and load
radius of crane
Crane is rated by the maximum weight it will lift at a minimum
radius and minimum boom length the further from its
centerpoint, the less it will lift
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Load Limiting Factors
Not level
Wind
Side loads
On its wheels
Lifting over the side
Use of extensions, jibs and other attachments
Limits of wire rope, slings and lifting devices
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Mobile Cranes Lifting Principles
Center of Gravity
Leverage
Stability
Structural Integrity
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Load Example 30 ton crane
Will lift 27 Tonnes at 3m from the center pin of the crane

Based on level surface, no wind, and outriggers fully extended
At 7.6m from the center pin with an 80 foot boom, the capacity is
only 6.7 Tonnes
At 22.5m from the center pin, the capacity is only 2 Tonnes
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Crane Rope
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Crane Rope
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Training
Operators:
must qualify on specific crane type
Must include on-the-job training
Supervisor / competent person
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Major Causes of Crane Accidents
Contact with power lines
Overturns
Falls
Mechanical failures
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How Do Accidents Occur?
Instability unsecured load, load capacity exceeded, or ground not

level or too soft
Lack of communication - the point of operation is a distance from

the crane operator or not in full view of the operator
Lack of training
Inadequate maintenance or inspection
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Who is at Risk
Operators
Persons at Crane Site
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Crane Hazards
Improper load rating Working too close to

Excessive speeds power lines
No hand signals Improper exhaust
Inadequate inspection system
and maintenance Shattered windows
Unguarded parts No steps/guardrails
Unguarded swing radius walkways
No boom angle indicator
Not using outriggers
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Competent Person
The competent
person must
inspect all
machinery and
equipment prior to
each use, and
during use, to make
sure it is in safe
operating condition.
Broken
Track
If it needs fixing,
take it out of service
and dont use it
until it is fixed www.enercon.de
Load Capacity - Speed - Warnings
Make sure the crane

operator can see the:
Rated Load Capacities
Operating Speeds
Special Hazard
Warning or Instruction
Load Rating Chart

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Improper Load
Improper loads or speeds can result in the tipping of the

crane
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Improper Load
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Improper Load
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Power Lines
Stay clear
from power
lines at least
10 feet
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Guard Moving Parts
Unguarded
Chain Drive
Guard moving parts such as gears or belts

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Swing Radius
Stay out of the swing radius of the crane

Make sure there are barrier guards showing swing radius
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Operator Visibility
Broken Window
Make sure broken windows or other obstructions do

not prevent the operator from seeing
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Ladders
Ladder
Use ladders to get to the upper portion of the cab

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Guardrails
Runways and steps need to have guardrails,

handholds and slip resistant surfaces
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Suspended Loads
Dont stand under

suspended loads
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Boom Angle Indicator
A boom angle indicator must be on the crane

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Supporting Surface
Cranes must be on a firm supporting surface and

level within 1 percent
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Sheaves
The grooves must be smooth and free from surface

defects which could cause rope damage
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Rigging Equipment Slings
Types of slings include alloy steel chain, wire

rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope,
and synthetic web.
Chain Wire rope Metal mesh Synthetic
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Annual Inspections
Inspection of
the hoisting
machinery must
be made by a
competent
person
The employer
must maintain
a record of
these
inspections Crane wasnt inspected
and tipped over
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What to Inspect
Correct air pressure and no leaks

Tires properly inflated
Clearance for tail swing
Wire rope wear
Physical damage to crane
Loose or missing hardware, nuts, or bolts
Fluid leaks
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Remove From Service
Immediately remove damaged or defective slings

from service
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Damaged wire rope
Crushed Rope
Broken Strands
Damaged wire rope must be taken out of service
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Worn Part
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Tire Inspections
Conduct regular
inspections
of tires for
excessive wear or
damage
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Summary on crane safety
An unstable load, lack of communication, lack of

training, and inadequate maintenance or inspection are
major contributors to crane accidents.
Operators or others working in the area can be victims to
struck by" and "caught in" injuries.
Contact with power lines causes many accidents.
A competent person must inspect a crane regularly to
insure it is in proper order.
Planning and training reduces accidents.
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Tower Erection
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Generator Erection
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Hub Erection
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CRANES

A crane is a Tower or derrick equipped with cables and pulleys

WHEEL MOUNTED TELESCOPIC

Hoist - Used to lift and lower load.

Brake To slow or stop motion by friction or power

Refer to shipping ticket or other documentation

Will lift 27 Tonnes at 3m from the center pin of the crane

Contact with power lines

Instability unsecured load, load capacity exceeded, or ground not

Lack of communication - the point of operation is a distance from

Inadequate maintenance or inspection

Persons at Crane Site

Improper load rating Working too close to

Make sure the crane

Load Rating Chart

Improper loads or speeds can result in the tipping of the

Guard moving parts such as gears or belts

Stay out of the swing radius of the crane

Make sure broken windows or other obstructions do

Use ladders to get to the upper portion of the cab

Runways and steps need to have guardrails,

Dont stand under

A boom angle indicator must be on the crane

Cranes must be on a firm supporting surface and

The grooves must be smooth and free from surface

Types of slings include alloy steel chain, wire

Chain Wire rope Metal mesh Synthetic

Correct air pressure and no leaks

Immediately remove damaged or defective slings

Damaged wire rope must be taken out of service

An unstable load, lack of communication, lack of

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