DR.

AJAY PARMAR
 INTRODUCTION
What is histology?
General architecture of body
CELL
|
TISSUES
|
ORGANS
|
SYSTEMS
|
BODY
 Tissues = groups of cells
that are similar in
structure and function.

Epithelium Muscle
Protection contraction

Connective Nervous
support Conduction
 EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Is a continuous sheet of cells that
covers the external surface of any solid
structure and the internal surface of
any hollow tubular structure.

Basement Membrane

Avascularity

Regenerate & repair quickly

 FUNCTION OF EPITHELIAL
TISSUE
Protection
Absorption
Act as a barrier
Excretion
Secretion
Epithelial tissue + Nervous tissue=
organ of special sense, e.g. organ of
hearing, vision, smell.
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
 SIMPLE SQUAMOUS
EPITHELIUM
Consists of single layer of flat cells
Nucleus is flat or oval situated in centre
of cell
Location:
Lung alveoli, tubules of kidney
Mesothelium
Endothelium
Function:
It helps in rapid transports of substance,
filtration of fluids, diffusion of gases and
osmosis.
 SIMPLE CUBOIDAL
EPITHELIUM
Cells are cuboidal in shape
Nuclei are rounded and centrally
placed
Location:
Epithelial lining of thyroid follicle
Pigmented epithelium of retina
Lense capsule
Germinal layer of ovary
Function:
Absorption and secretion
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Cells of epithelium are much taller
compared to their width.
Nuclei are elongated and located in
lower half of the cells.
On the free surface, modification like
microvilli or cillia may be seen.
It may also contain globlet cells.
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Location:
Epithelial lining of G.I.T
Gall bladder
Uterine tube
Uterine cavity

Functions:
Absorption and secretion
Cilliary action moves mucus in respiratory
tract and ovum in uterine tube
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR
EPITHELIUM

Not a true stratified epithelium but

appears to be stratified
All cells are attached to the basement
membrane but are of different
heights. Nuclei of cells are at different
levels.
The epithelium may be cilliated or
non-cilliated and may contain globlet
cells
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR
EPITHELIUM
Location:
The Non cilliated epithelium is found in
auditory tube and male urethra
The Cilliated epithelium is found in upper
respiratory tract

Functions:
Protection of underlying tissue
Cilliary movements removes mucus
And globlet cells secrete mucus.
 STRATIFIED SQU.
EPITHELIUM(NON-KERATINIZED)
Cells are arranged in many layers.
The basal layer
Intermediate cells
Superficial layer

Location:
Epithelial lining of oral cavity, tongue,
part of epiglottis, esophagus
Function:
Protection of deeper tissue
Stratified Squ. Epithelium(non-
keratinized)
 STRATIFIED SQU.
EPITHELIUM (KERATINIZED)
Superficial cells become dead, dehydrated
and non nucleated like scales.
These dead cells become hard (cornified)

Location
Epithelium of skin
Functions
Protection of deeper structure
It pervents the absorption of water
Keratin prevents dehydration of underlying
tissue.
Stratified Squ. Epithelium
(keratinized)
Stratified Squ. Epithelium (keratinized)
 STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL
EPITHELIUM
It consists two or more layer of cells
Cells of superficial layer are cuboidal in
shape
Location
Ducts of sweat glands, secondary
ovarian follicle
Function
Provides passage to the secretion and
act as barrier
Stratified cuboidal Epithelium
 STRATIFIED COLUMNAR
EPITHELIUM
It consists two or more layer of cells
Cells of superficial layer are coloumnar in
shape
Location
Large ducts of sweat glands, fornix of
conjuctiva, cavernous urethra
Function
Provides passage to the secretion and
act as barrier
 TRANSITIONAL
EPITHELIUM
The appearance of epithelium varies
during stretched and relaxed condition.
When this is stretched it looks like stratified
squamous epithelium, but in relaxed
condition it appears stratified cuboidal.
Cells of basal layer are cuboidal
Intermediate layer consists polyhedral cell
Superficial layer consists dome shaped of
umbrella shaped cells
 TRANSITIONAL
EPITHELIUM
Location
Epithelium lining the urinary tract
Function
Prevents absorption of toxic substance of
urin
Distention
Transitional epithelium