SAFETY PRACTICES IN

SPORTS AND
EXERCISE
Tensile forces are those
that pull or stretch.

Compressive forces
impact the center causing it
to bend or fold.

Shear forces are

opposing forces toward the
different ends of the
structure causing it to twist.
 Functions of Various
Musculoskeletal Structures
STRUCTURE FUNCTION ACUTE INJURY

LIGAMENTS STABILIZE JOINTS SPRAIN

TENDONS ATTACHES MUSCLES TO BONES STRAIN

MUSCLES CREATES MOVEMENTS STRAIN

BONES ANCHOR FOR MUSCLES FRACTURE

JOINTS FULCRUM FOR MOVEMENT DISLOCATION

 Classification of Injuries
ACUTE INJURIES A sudden injury that is
usually associated with a traumatic event. Signs
and symptoms manifest immediately after force
application.

CHRONIC INJURIES - Chronic injuries can be

also called overuse injuries. It is caused by
overuse of particular part of your body either
through sports or exercises. They develop slowly
and last a long time.
- Signs and symptoms occur
after a long period of exposure
to force.
 CATEGORY FIBERS DAMAGED LOSE OF FUNCTION

MILD
(FIRST DEGREE) MINIMAL TEAR PAIN WHEN MOVED

MODERATE
(SECOND DEGREE) PARTIAL TEAR PAIN AT REST
AND WHEN MOVED

SEVERE
(THIRD DEGREE) COMPLETE TEAR COMPLETE LOSS OF
FUNCTION
 COMMON SPORTS
INJURIES
ACUTE INJURIES
Sprain
o Sprains are overstretch ligaments. The ligaments
stabilized and limit joint mobility.
 Strain
 Fracture is a break, usually in a bone.
 A Greenstick fracture is an incomplete
fracture in which the bone is bent. This type
occurs most often in children.
A transverse fracture is when the broken
piece of bone is at a right angle to the bone's
axis.
An oblique fracture is when the break has a
curved or sloped pattern.
A comminuted fracture is when the bone
breaks into several pieces.
Spiral fracture is a fracture where at least
one part of the bone has been twisted.
Linear fracture is a fracture that is parallel
to the bone's long axis.
 Dislocation commonly occur in joints that
allow greater range of motion.
 Concussion - are life-threatening injuries
because they disrupt the normal function of the
brain.
 CHRONIC INJURIES
STRESS FRACTURE commonly occur among
runners who train for long periods without
adequate rest periods.
 Tendinopathy/Tendinitis - It is usually due to
muscle imbalance between muscle pairs.
 Osteoarthritis - the wear and tear of a joint that
results to its deterioration.
 Bursitis - The bursa is a sac-like musculoskeletal
structure that provides support and cushioning to
the jint. It protects commonly used joints such as
the shoulders and knee from repetitive
mechanical stress.
 Can heat illnesses lead to a life-
threatening condition?

Heat illnesses are due to excessive

dehydration and high body
temperature commonly attributed to
training in poor weather conditions.
 SPORTS INJURY PREVENTION
The following strategies can minimize
the occurrence of these injuries:

Adopt a Comprehensive Training Program

Use Protective equipment and practice
correct training
Incorporate recovery strategies in training
program
Follow rules and decorum during
competition
Injuries can be prevented if an individual takes the
necessary preparations and precautions on the
following variables:

Proper attire
Proper technique
Proper Environmental conditions
Adequate recovery
Gym etiquette
Ask for a spotter when lifting loads close to 1RM
Do not drop the barbell at the end of the set
Put weights and dumbbells on designated tracks
Be aware of the exercise area for each equipment
Do not use mobile phone inside the gym
Do not wear loose jewelry while working out
How to choose the right kind of shoes?
Choose a shoe specific to the sports or activity.
Determine appropriate shoe size
Evaluate foot movement pattern