FIRE

SAFETY

PROFICIENCY BADGE
LECTURE

Learning Objectives
Definition & Classes of Fire
Development of Fire
Action to take when a fire break out
Action to take when you are trapped in a fire
situation
Action to take when your clothes catch fire
Action to take when evacuating from buildings

Scope

Introduction

Definition, Concept & Behavior of Fire

Development of Fire

Action to take when a fire breaks out

Action to take when you are trapped in a fire situation

Action to take when your clothes catch fire

Action to take when evacuating from buildings

Conclusion

Basic Concepts & Behaviour of Fire

Best form of protection

against fire is
PREVENTION

Fire is a process of combustion usually

accompanied by a rapid release of

heat and light in varying intensities

Classification of Fire
1.

Class A

2.

Class B

3.

Fires involving flammable/combustible liquids,

greases and gases

Class C

4.

Fires involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood,

cloth, paper, rubber and many plastics

Fires involving energised electrical equipment

Class D

Fires involving combustibles metals, such as magnesium,

titanium, zirconium, sodium and potassium

Basic Stages of
Fire Development

Initial
Develop from its point of origin

Flashover
Occurred in confined space
Fire spreads rapidly

Full Development
Fully developed burning at/near its max intensity

Decay
Depletion of oxygen/fuel
Fire is slowing down

INITIAL FIRE

PRE-FLASHOVER

BUILD UP TO

FLASHOVER

a)

The fire starts in a waste paper basket.

b)

No presence of smoke layer yet.

The plume has yet to reach the ceiling.
Temperatures at ceiling level are rising.

c)

A smoke layer is starting to build up in the room.

Temperatures at ceiling level are rising.

d)

The smoke layer is getting thicker and the fire is

starting to spread to nearby furniture.

e)

Flashover has occurred.

The flame totally fills the compartment.

If you discover a fire !

If you discover a fire !

What to do in case you are

trapped in a fire?
1. Do not panic
2. Do not dash through fire
3. Move into unaffected room (preferably one
which is overlooking a corridor or street)
4. Cover gap below door to prevent entry of
smoke
5. Signal for help
6. Do not jump out of building

What to do in case you are

trapped in a fire?
Move to a safe room

Seal door opening

What to do in case you are

trapped in a fire?
Shout for help

Call 995 and give location and

fire details

What to do in case you are

trapped in a fire?
Always remember:

Do not attempt to
jump out off the
building, help is on
the way!!!

Escaping through
Smoke

If you have to escape through smoke, keep low by

crawling on your hands and knees.
In a fire, smoke will naturally rise leaving some fresh
air about 30cm to 60cm off the floor. Crawling keeps
your head in this safety zone, away from the smokes
toxic content.

If your clothes catch fire!

Fire Evacuation

<8-storey
single stage alarm
evacuate immediately
total evacuation upon hearing the alarm

>8-storey & < 30-storey

2-stage alarm
1st alarm alert signal & standby for total evacuation
2nd alarm is activated on all floors upon confirmation of
fire

Total
Evacuation
upon 1st
alarm

Fire floor

< 8-storeys

Total
Evacuation
upon 2nd
alarm

Fire floor

8 - 30-storeys

Fire Evacuation
31-storey & >31-storey
2 stage alarm & phase evacuation
1st alarm will sound to alert
2nd alarm will sound to evacuate by phases
1st phase, occupants on the fire floor, 2
floors above & 2 floors below
2nd phase, occupants on all floors above fire
floor
3rd phase, all floors below the fire floors

2 floors
above
Phase
1

Phase 2

Fire floor

2 floors
below

> 30 - storey

Phase 3